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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Ecology and Evolution >Transposable elements and viruses as factors in adaptation and evolution: an expansion and strengthening of the TE-Thrust hypothesis
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Transposable elements and viruses as factors in adaptation and evolution: an expansion and strengthening of the TE-Thrust hypothesis

机译：转座因子和病毒是适应和进化的因素：TE-推力假说的扩展和加强

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In addition to the strong divergent evolution and significant and episodic evolutionary transitions and speciation we previously attributed to TE-Thrust, we have expanded the hypothesis to more fully account for the contribution of viruses to TE-Thrust and evolution. The concept of symbiosis and holobiontic genomes is acknowledged, with particular emphasis placed on the creativity potential of the union of retroviral genomes with vertebrate genomes. Further expansions of the TE-Thrust hypothesis are proposed regarding a fuller account of horizontal transfer of TEs, the life cycle of TEs, and also, in the case of a mammalian innovation, the contributions of retroviruses to the functions of the placenta. The possibility of drift by TE families within isolated demes or disjunct populations, is acknowledged, and in addition, we suggest the possibility of horizontal transposon transfer into such subpopulations. “Adaptive potential” and “evolutionary potential” are proposed as the extremes of a continuum of “intra-genomic potential” due to TE-Thrust. Specific data is given, indicating “adaptive potential” being realized with regard to insecticide resistance, and other insect adaptations. In this regard, there is agreement between TE-Thrust and the concept of adaptation by a change in allele frequencies. Evidence on the realization of “evolutionary potential” is also presented, which is compatible with the known differential survivals, and radiations of lineages. Collectively, these data further suggest the possibility, or likelihood, of punctuated episodes of speciation events and evolutionary transitions, coinciding with, and heavily underpinned by, intermittent bursts of TE activity.
机译：除了我们先前归因于TE-Thrust的强烈的趋异进化以及重大的和偶发的进化过渡和物种形成之外，我们还扩展了这一假设，以更充分地说明病毒对TE-Thrust和进化的贡献。共生和整体基因组的概念得到公认，特别强调了逆转录病毒基因组与脊椎动物基因组结合的创造潜力。提出了关于TE推力假说的进一步扩展，其中涉及到TE的水平转移，TE的生命周期，以及在哺乳动物创新的情况下逆转录病毒对胎盘功能的贡献的更全面的解释。人们认识到TE家族在孤立的人口或分离的种群中漂移的可能性，此外，我们建议水平转座子转移到这些亚群中的可能性。由于TE-Thrust，提出了“适应性潜力”和“进化潜力”作为“基因组内潜力”连续体的极端。给出了具体数据，表明在杀虫剂抗性和其他昆虫适应方面实现了“适应性潜力”。在这方面，TE-Thrust和等位基因频率变化的适应性概念之间存在共识。还提供了实现“进化潜能”的证据，与已知的差异存活率和谱系辐射相吻合。总的来说，这些数据进一步暗示了物种事件和进化转变的间歇性发作的可能性或可​​能性，这与TE活动的间歇性爆发同时发生并在很大程度上受到支持。

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