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Performance Analysis of Satellite Missions for Multi-Temporal SAR Interferometry

机译:多时相SAR干涉的卫星任务性能分析

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摘要

Multi-temporal InSAR (MTI) applications pose challenges related to the availability of coherent scattering from the ground surface, the complexity of the ground deformations, atmospheric artifacts, and visibility problems related to ground elevation. Nowadays, several satellite missions are available providing interferometric SAR data at different wavelengths, spatial resolutions, and revisit time. A new and interesting opportunity is provided by Sentinel-1, which has a spatial resolution comparable to that of previous ESA C-band sensors, and revisit times improved by up to 6 days. According to these different SAR space-borne missions, the present work discusses current and future opportunities of MTI applications in terms of ground instability monitoring. Issues related to coherent target detection, mean velocity precision, and product geo-location are addressed through a simple theoretical model assuming backscattering mechanisms related to point scatterers. The paper also presents an example of a multi-sensor ground instability investigation over Lesina Marina, a village in Southern Italy lying over a gypsum diapir, where a hydration process, involving the underlying anhydride, causes a smooth uplift and the formation of scattered sinkholes. More than 20 years of MTI SAR data have been processed, coming from both legacy ERS and ENVISAT missions, and latest-generation RADARSAT-2, COSMO-SkyMed, and Sentinel-1A sensors. Results confirm the presence of a rather steady uplift process, with limited to null variations throughout the whole monitored time-period.
机译:多时相InSAR(MTI)应用带来了与来自地面的相干散射的可用性,地面变形的复杂性,大气伪影以及与地面标高相关的可见性问题相关的挑战。如今,有几个卫星任务可以提供不同波长,空间分辨率和重访时间的干涉式SAR数据。 Sentinel-1提供了一个新的有趣机会,其空间分辨率可与以前的ESA C波段传感器相媲美,并且重访时间最多可缩短6天。根据这些不同的SAR星载任务,本工作从地面失稳监测的角度讨论了MTI应用的当前和未来机会。通过一个简单的理论模型来解决与相干目标检测,平均速度精度和产品地理位置有关的问题,该模型假设与点散射体有关的反向散射机制。本文还提供了一个对意大利南部Lesina Marina村的多传感器地面不稳定性进行调查的例子,该村位于石膏diapir上方,该村的水化过程涉及下伏的酸酐,导致顺滑隆起和散落的沉陷坑的形成。来自传统的ERS和ENVISAT任务,以及最新一代的RADARSAT-2,COSMO-SkyMed和Sentinel-1A传感器都已经处理了20多年的MTI SAR数据。结果证实存在一个相当稳定的隆升过程,在整个监测时间内整个变化范围有限。

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