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Application of national pollutant inventories for monitoring trends on dioxin emissions from stationary industrial sources in Australia Canada and European Union

机译：国家污染物清单在监测澳大利亚加拿大和欧盟固定工业来源二恶英排放趋势中的应用

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Industrial sources, including iron ore sintering, municipal waste incineration and non-ferrous metal processing have been prominent emitters of dioxins to the environment. With the expanding industrial sectors, many international conventions were established in order to reduce the emission of dioxins in the past two decades. The Stockholm convention, a global monitoring treaty, entered into force in 2004 with the aim to promote development of strategies to reduce or eliminate dioxin emissions. According to the convention, parties are required to develop national inventory databases to report emission levels and develop a national implementation plan (NIP) to reduce further dioxin emissions. In order to understand the trend of dioxin emissions since 1990s this study provides a comparative assessment of dioxin emissions from different industrial sources by deriving emission data from the national inventory databases of Australia, Canada and the 28 European countries (EU-28). According to the data collected, iron and steel production and electricity generation were the highest emitters of dioxins in 2017 for Europe, Canada and Australia, when compared to other stationary industrial sources. The change in the trend of dioxin emissions from the iron and steel industry and the public electricity sector was also assessed. The emission of dioxins during 1990–2017 from both iron and steel production and electricity generation revealed a relative decreasing trend, except for Spain and Italy who showed higher level of emissions from iron and steel production in 2017. Furthermore, comparing emission data for metal production revealed that the blast furnace process was the prominent emitter of dioxins comparing to electric arc furnace process. Further investigation was performed to compare the amount of dioxin emitted from three different fuel types, black coal, brown coal and natural gas, used for electricity generation in Australia. The study showed that dioxin emissions from brown coal were higher than black coal for the last two years, while power production from natural gas emits the lowest amounts of dioxins to the environment.
机译：工业来源，包括铁矿石烧结，城市垃圾焚烧和有色金属加工，一直是向环境排放二恶英的主要来源。随着工业部门的扩大，在过去的二十年中，为了减少二恶英的排放，建立了许多国际公约。 《斯德哥尔摩公约》是一项全球监测条约，于2004年生效，旨在促进制定减少或消除二恶英排放量的战略。根据公约，要求缔约方建立国家清单数据库以报告排放水平，并制定国家实施计划（NIP）以减少二恶英的进一步排放。为了了解自1990年代以来二恶英排放的趋势，本研究通过从澳大利亚，加拿大和28个欧洲国家（EU-28）的国家清单数据库中获取排放数据，对不同工业来源的二恶英排放进行了比较评估。根据收集的数据，与其他固定工业来源相比，2017年欧洲，加拿大和澳大利亚的钢铁生产和发电是二恶英排放量最高的国家。还评估了钢铁行业和公共电力部门二恶英排放趋势的变化。 1990-2017年期间钢铁生产和发电产生的二恶英排放量呈相对下降趋势，西班牙和意大利除外，2017年钢铁生产产生的二恶英排放量较高。此外，比较了金属生产的排放数据与电弧炉工艺相比，高炉工艺是二恶英的主要排放源。进行了进一步的研究，以比较澳大利亚用于发电的三种不同燃料类型（黑煤，褐煤和天然气）排放的二恶英数量。研究表明，过去两年褐煤中二恶英的排放量高于黑煤，而天然气发电中向环境排放的二恶英量最低。

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