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Parallels between stream and coastal water quality associated with groundwater discharge

机译：与地下水排放相关的河流和沿海水质之间的平行关系

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Groundwater-surface water interactions drive water quality in both streams and the coastal ocean, where groundwater discharge occurs in streams as baseflow and along the coastline as submarine groundwater discharge (SGD). Groundwater contributions to streams and to the coastal ocean were quantified in three urban streams in Kāneʻohe Watershed, Hawaiʻi. We used radon as a groundwater tracer to show that baseflow contributions to streams ranged from 22 to 68% along their reaches leading to the coast of Kāneʻohe Bay. Total SGD was 4,500, 18,000, and 23,000 m3/day for the northwest, central, and southern sectors of the bay, respectively. Total groundwater (stream baseflow + SGD) dissolved nutrient fluxes were significantly greater than those sourced from stream surface runoff. The studied streams exhibited increasing nutrient levels downstream from groundwater inputs with high nutrient concentrations, negatively impacting coastal water quality. SGD dynamics were also assessed during the anomalously high perigean spring tides in 2017, where SGD was four times greater during the perigean spring tide compared to a spring tide and resulted in strong shifts in N:P ratios, suggesting that rising sea level stands may disrupt primary productivity with greater frequency. This study demonstrates the importance of considering baseflow inputs to streams to coastal groundwater budgets and suggests that coastal water quality may be improved through management and reduction of groundwater contaminants.
机译：地下水与地表水的相互作用驱动着溪流和沿海海洋的水质，在这些溪流和沿海海洋中，地下水的排放以底流的形式发生，沿着海岸线以海底地下水的排放量（SGD）发生。在夏威夷卡内奥河流域的三个城市河流中，地下水对河流和沿海海洋的贡献被量化。我们使用ra作为地下水示踪剂，以显示在通往卡纳奥赫湾沿岸的河流中，基流的贡献量在22％至68％之间。海湾的西北，中部和南部部分的总SGD分别为每天4,500、18,000和23,000 m 3 。地下水中总溶解水（河流底流+ SGD）的养分通量明显大于从河流地表径流获得的通量。所研究的河流在营养物浓度高的地下水输入下游显示出越来越高的营养水平，对沿海水质产生了负面影响。在2017年异常高的Perigean春季潮汐中也评估了SGD动态，其中在Perigean春季潮汐中SGD是春季潮汐的四倍，并导致N：P比率发生强烈变化，这表明海平面上升可能会破坏更高的初级生产力。这项研究表明了考虑将基流输入河水以用于沿海地下水预算的重要性，并表明可以通过管理和减少地下水污染物来改善沿海水质。

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