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Wind prevents cliff-breeding birds from accessing nests through loss of flight control

机译：风能阻止失去控制飞行能力的悬崖鸟进入巢穴

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For fast-flying birds, the ability to respond to wind during landing is critical, as errors can lead to injury or even death. Nonetheless, landing ability, and its ecological significance, remain unstudied. We show that for auks, 60% of attempts to land at their cliff nests fail in a strong breeze (80% in near-gale winds). This is most likely because wind interferes with the ability to maintain flight control in the last phase of landing. Their extreme flight costs mean that the energetic penalty for multiple landing attempts is high. We propose that exposure, and ability to respond to, such conditions will influence the suitability of breeding habitat. In support of this (i) auk colonies appear to be orientated away from prevailing winds and (ii) landing success within colonies is higher on crowded ledges with more airspace for manoeuvring. More generally, the interplay between wind and flight capacities could impact breeding distributions across species and scales.
机译：对于快速飞行的鸟类，降落期间应对风的能力至关重要，因为错误可能导致受伤甚至死亡。但是，着陆能力及其生态意义仍未得到研究。我们显示，对于金黄色公牛来说，有60％的尝试降落在其悬崖巢穴的尝试都会在微风中失败（80％在近风中）。这很可能是因为风干扰了降落最后阶段维持飞行控制的能力。他们的极端飞行成本意味着多次着陆尝试的精力充沛。我们建议，这种条件的暴露程度和响应能力将影响繁殖栖息地的适宜性。为了支持这一点，（i）某些英国殖民地似乎远离盛行风，并且（ii）在拥挤的壁架上有更大的机动空间，殖民地内的着陆成功率更高。更一般而言，风能和飞行能力之间的相互作用会影响物种和规模之间的育种分布。

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