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Global Metabolomic Characterizations of Microcystis spp. Highlights Clonal Diversity in Natural Bloom-Forming Populations and Expands Metabolite Structural Diversity

机译：微囊藻属的全球代谢组学表征。突出自然绽放形成种群中的克隆多样性并扩大代谢产物的结构多样性

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摘要

Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotes capable of synthesizing a large variety of secondary metabolites that exhibit significant bioactivity or toxicity. Microcystis constitutes one of the most common cyanobacterial genera, forming the intensive blooms that nowadays arise in freshwater ecosystems worldwide. Species in this genus can produce numerous cyanotoxins (i.e., toxic cyanobacterial metabolites), which can be harmful to human health and aquatic organisms. To better understand variations in cyanotoxin production between clones of Microcystis species, we investigated the diversity of 24 strains isolated from the same blooms or from different populations in various geographical areas. Strains were compared by genotyping with 16S-ITS fragment sequencing and metabolite chemotyping using LC ESI-qTOF mass spectrometry. While genotyping can help to discriminate among different species, the global metabolome analysis revealed clearly discriminating molecular profiles among strains. These profiles could be clustered primarily according to their global metabolite content, then according to their genotype, and finally according to their sampling location. A global molecular network of all metabolites produced by Microcystis species highlights the production of a wide set of chemically diverse metabolites, including a few microcystins, many aeruginosins, microginins, cyanopeptolins, and anabaenopeptins, together with a large set of unknown molecules. These components, which constitute the molecular biodiversity of Microcystis species, still need to be investigated in terms of their structure and potential bioactivites (e.g., toxicity).
机译：蓝细菌是光合作用的原核生物，能够合成各种具有显着生物活性或毒性的次级代谢产物。微囊藻是最常见的蓝细菌属之一，形成了当今全球淡水生态系统中密集繁殖的花朵。该属中的物种会产生多种蓝藻毒素（即有毒的蓝细菌代谢产物），对人体健康和水生生物有害。为了更好地了解微囊藻物种克隆之间氰毒素生产的差异，我们调查了从同一开花或不同地理区域的不同种群分离的24个菌株的多样性。通过使用16S-ITS片段测序进行基因分型和使用LC ESI-qTOF质谱进行代谢物化学分型来比较菌株。尽管基因分型可以帮助区分不同物种，但全球代谢组学分析显示，可以清楚地区分菌株之间的分子谱。这些概况可以首先根据其总体代谢物含量进行聚类，然后根据其基因型进行聚类，最后根据其采样位置进行聚类。由微囊藻物种产生的所有代谢物的全球分子网络突显出多种化学上不同的代谢物的产生，包括一些微囊藻毒素，许多铜绿素酶，微ginins，氰基肽素和花色肽素，以及大量未知分子。这些构成微囊藻物种的分子生物多样性的成分，仍需根据其结构和潜在的生物活性（例如毒性）进行研究。

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