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Building a hydrologic foundation for tropical watershed management

机译：为热带流域管理奠定水文基础

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Here we provide an empirical hydrologic foundation to inform water management decisions in the El Yunque National Forest (EYNF) in eastern Puerto Rico. Tropical watershed hydrology has proven difficult to quantify due to high rainfall variability, high evapotranspiration rates, variation in forest canopy interception and storage, and uncertain hydrologic inputs from fog condensation in cloud forests. We developed mass-balance and observation-based water budgets for nine local watersheds within the EYNF using a novel assemblage of remotely sensed rainfall data, gaged streamflow observations, and municipal water withdrawal rates. It is important to note that, while prior budgets considered large water withdrawals outside (downstream) of EYNF boundaries, our current budget is confined to within EYNF boundaries. Here, we also base our estimates of water withdrawal volume on operational data, in contrast to prior water budgets that estimated volume based on either the capacity of known water intakes or regulatory permit limits. This resulted in more conservative and realistic estimates of withdrawals from within the EYNF. Finally, we also discuss the ecological importance of considering the effects of water withdrawals not only at an average monthly scale, but also on the basis of exceedance probability to avoid over-abstraction for the protection of native migratory fishes and shrimps. This analysis highlights a number of unique challenges associated with developing hydrologic foundations for water management in tropical ecosystems.
机译：在这里，我们提供了一个经验水文基础，以告知波多黎各东部El Yunque国家森林（EYNF）的水管理决策。事实证明，由于高雨量变化，高蒸散率，林冠截留和存储变化以及云雾林中雾气凝结带来的不确定水文输入，热带流域水文学难以量化。我们使用遥感降雨数据，量具流量观测和市政取水率的新颖组合，为EYNF内的9个局部流域制定了基于质量平衡和基于观测的水预算。重要的是要注意，尽管先前的预算考虑了EYNF边界之外（下游）的大量取水，但我们目前的预算仅限于EYNF边界之内。在这里，我们还将取水量的估算基于运营数据，与之前的用水预算相比，取水量的估算基于已知取水量或监管许可限制。这导致从EYNF内部提取的资金更加保守和现实。最后，我们还讨论了不仅在平均每月规模上考虑取水效果的生态重要性，而且还基于超出概率以避免过度采摘来保护本地迁徙鱼类和虾的生态重要性。该分析突出了与为热带生态系统中的水管理发展水文基础有关的许多独特挑战。

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