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Increasing impacts of land-use on biodiversity andcarbon-sequestration driven by population and economic growth

机译：土地使用对生物多样性和人口与经济增长驱动的固碳

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Biodiversity and ecosystem service losses driven by land use change are expected to intensify as a growing and more affluent global population requires more agricultural and forestry products, and teleconnections in the global economy lead to increasing remote environmental responsibility. By combining global biophysical and economic models, we show that between the years 2000-2011 overall population and economic growth resulted in increasing total impacts on bird diversity and carbon sequestration globally, despite a reduction of land–use impacts per unit of GDP. The exceptions were North America and Western Europe, where there was a reduction of forestry and agriculture impacts on nature, accentuated by the 2007-2008 financial crisis. Biodiversity losses occurred predominantly in Central and Southern America, Africa and Asia with international trade an important and growing driver. In 2011, 33% of Central and Southern America and 26% of Africa’s biodiversity impacts were driven by consumption in other world regions. Overall, cattle farming is the major driver of biodiversity loss, but oil seeds production showed the largest increases in biodiversity impacts. Forestry activities exerted the highest impact on carbon sequestration, and also showed the largest increase in the 2000-2011 period. Ourresults suggest that to address the biodiversity crisis, governments should takean equitable approach recognizing remote responsibility, and promote a shift ofeconomic development towards activities with low biodiversity impacts.
机译：随着全球人口的不断增长和日益富裕，需要更多的农林产品，预计土地使用变化将加剧生物多样性和生态系统服务的损失，而全球经济中的远程联系导致远程环境责任的增加。通过结合全球生物物理和经济模型，我们表明，尽管减少了每单位GDP的土地使用影响，但总体人口和经济增长在2000年至2011年期间对全球鸟类多样性和碳固存的总体影响增加。例外是北美和西欧，其中林业和农业对自然的影响有所减少，而2007-2008年的金融危机加剧了这种情况。生物多样性损失主要发生在中美洲和南美洲，非洲和亚洲，国际贸易是一个重要且不断增长的驱动力。 2011年，中美洲和南美洲的33％以及非洲生物多样性的26％影响是由其他世界地区的消费推动的。总体而言，养牛是生物多样性丧失的主要驱动力，但油料种子的生产显示出对生物多样性影响的最大增长。林业活动对固碳影响最大，在2000-2011年期间增幅最大。我们的结果表明，为应对生物多样性危机，各国政府应采取公平的方法，承认远程责任，并促进转变经济发展，以减少对生物多样性的影响。

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