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A simple approach for the determination and characterization of ternary phase diagrams of aqueous two-phase systems composed of water polyethylene glycol and sodium carbonate

机译：确定和表征由水聚乙二醇和碳酸钠组成的水性两相系统三元相图的简单方法

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摘要

In this work, a simple experimental protocol to determine liquid-liquid phase diagrams of aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) on a Chemical Engineering course is described. Throughout this laboratory set of experiments, the liquid-liquid ternary phase diagrams, tie-lines, tie-line lengths and critical points of ATPS will be determined. Ternary liquid-liquid phase diagrams composed of water, polyethylene glycol (PEG 200, 400 and 600 g·mol-1) and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) were obtained by cloud-point titration method at room temperature. The respective tie-lines, tie-line lengths and critical points were also determined. Phase diagrams were represented both as conventional ternary phase diagrams and orthogonal phase diagrams. Through the analysis of the results obtained it was identified a higher ability to form ATPS with the increase of the polymer molecular weight. The interpretation of phase diagrams, particularly the most complex, the orthogonal ones, is not always easy to grasp by students, so this novel 3-hour-class educational approach could be potentially used to teach and help understanding 3-component liquid-liquid equilibrium and the formation of biphasic systems to undergraduate students, without requiring the use of volatile organic solvents.
机译：在这项工作中，描述了一种简单的实验方案，用于确定化学工程课程中的水性两相系统（ATPS）的液相-液相图。在整个实验组中，将确定AT​​PS的液-液三元相图，连接线，连接线长度和临界点。在室温下通过浊点滴定法获得了由水，聚乙二醇（PEG 200、400和600 g·mol -1 ）和碳酸钠（Na2CO3）组成的三元液相图。还确定了各自的联络线，联络线长度和临界点。相图被表示为常规三元相图和正交相图。通过对获得的结果的分析，发现随着聚合物分子量的增加，形成ATPS的能力更高。学生并不总是很容易理解相图，特别是最复杂的正交图，因此这种新颖的3小时班级教学方法可以潜在地用于教授和帮助理解3组分液-液平衡并形成本科生双相系统，而无需使用挥发性有机溶剂。

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