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Solanum lycopersicum GOLDEN 2-LIKE 2 transcription factor affects fruit quality in a light- and auxin-dependent manner

机译：番茄茄子GOLDEN 2-LIKE 2转录因子以光和生长素依赖性方式影响果实品质

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Plastids are organelles responsible for essential aspects of plant development, including carbon fixation and synthesis of several secondary metabolites. Chloroplast differentiation and activity are highly regulated by light, and several proteins involved in these processes have been characterised. Such is the case of the GOLDEN 2-LIKE (GLK) transcription factors, which induces the expression of genes related to chloroplast differentiation and photosynthesis. The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) genome harbours two copies of this gene, SlGLK1 and SlGLK2, each with distinct expression patterns. While the former predominates in leaves, the latter is mainly expressed in fruits, precisely at the pedicel region. During tomato domestication, the selection of fruits with uniform ripening fixed the mutation Slglk2, nowadays present in most cultivated varieties, what penalised fruit metabolic composition. In this study, we investigated how SlGLK2 is regulated by light, auxin and cytokinin and determined the effect of SlGLK2 on tocopherol (vitamin E) and sugar metabolism, which are components of the fruit nutritional and industrial quality. To achieve this, transcriptional profiling and biochemical analysis were performed throughout fruit development and ripening from SlGLK2, Slglk2, SlGLK2-overexpressing genotypes, as well as from phytochrome and hormonal deficient mutants. The results revealed that SlGLK2 expression is regulated by phytochrome-mediated light perception, yet this gene can induce chloroplast differentiation even in a phytochrome-independent manner. Moreover, auxin was found to be a negative regulator of SlGLK2 expression, while SlGLK2 enhances cytokinin responsiveness. Additionally, SlGLK2 enhanced chlorophyll content in immature green fruits, leading to an increment in tocopherol level in ripe fruits. Finally, SlGLK2 overexpression resulted in higher total soluble solid content, possibly by the regulation of sugar metabolism enzyme-encoding genes. The results obtained here shed light on the regulatory network that interconnects SlGLK2, phytohormones and light signal, promoting the plastidial activity and consequently, influencing the quality of tomato fruit.
机译：质体是负责植物发育必不可少的方面的细胞器，包括碳固定和几种次生代谢产物的合成。叶绿体的分化和活性受到光的高度调节，并且已经表征了参与这些过程的几种蛋白质。金色2-LIKE（GLK）转录因子就是这种情况，它诱导与叶绿体分化和光合作用相关的基因表达。番茄（Solanum lycopersicum）基因组具有该基因的两个拷贝SlGLK1和SlGLK2，每个拷贝具有不同的表达模式。前者在叶片中占主导地位，而后者主要在果实中表达，恰好在花梗区域。在番茄驯化过程中，选择具有均匀成熟度的水果可以解决如今在大多数栽培品种中都存在的突变Slglk2，这会损害水果的代谢成分。在这项研究中，我们研究了SlGLK2如何受光，生长素和细胞分裂素的调节，并确定了SlGLK2对生育酚（维生素E）和糖代谢的影响，这是水果营养和工业品质的组成部分。为实现此目的，在整个果实发育和成熟过程中，从过表达SlGLK2，Slglk2，SlGLK2的基因型以及植物色素和激素缺陷型突变体中进行了转录谱分析和生化分析。结果表明，SlGLK2表达受植物色素介导的光感知调节，但该基因甚至可以以植物色素非依赖性的方式诱导叶绿体分化。此外，发现生长素是SlGLK2表达的负调节剂，而SlGLK2增强细胞分裂素应答性。另外，SlGLK2增强了未成熟绿色水果中的叶绿素含量，导致成熟水果中的生育酚水平增加。最后，SlGLK2的过表达可能通过糖代谢酶编码基因的调节导致较高的总可溶性固形物含量。此处获得的结果阐明了将SlGLK2，植物激素和光信号相互连接的调节网络，从而促进了质体活性，从而影响了番茄果实的品质。

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