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Intestinal Microbiota Influence Immune Tolerance Post Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation and Intestinal GVHD

机译：肠道菌群影响同种异体造血细胞移植和肠道GVHD后的免疫耐受性

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摘要

Under normal conditions our intestines are inhabited by trillions of diverse microorganisms composing the intestinal microbiota, which are mostly non-pathogenic anaerobic commensal bacteria vital for the maintenance of immune homeostasis. The composition and diversity of the intestinal microbiota can be disturbed by various factors including diet, antibiotics, and exposure to intestinal pathogens. Alterations of the intestinal microbiota contributes to many diseases including graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD), a life threatening complication that occurs after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) caused by an allogeneic reaction of donor T cells against recipient target tissues. Intestinal GVHD is most difficult to treat and connected to a high mortality. Due to recent advances in high-throughput sequencing technology, composition of the microbiome during allo-HCT has been characterized, and some common patterns have been identified. Metabolites produced by intestinal bacteria were shown to promote intestinal tissue homeostasis and immune tolerance post-allo-HCT. In this review, we discuss the role of the intestinal microbiota and metabolites in the context of acute GVHD. Moreover, novel therapeutic approaches that aim at protecting or regenerating intestinal cell populations will be highlighted.
机译：在正常情况下，我们的肠子里栖息着数万亿种组成肠内菌群的多种微生物，这些微生物大多数是非病原性厌氧共生细菌，对维持免疫稳态至关重要。肠道微生物群的组成和多样性可能会受到多种因素的干扰，包括饮食，抗生素和肠道病原体的暴露。肠道菌群的改变导致许多疾病，包括移植物抗宿主病（GVHD），这是一种危及生命的并发症，发生于同种异体造血细胞移植（allo-HCT）后，由供体T细胞对受体靶组织的异基因反应引起。肠道GVHD最难治疗，且死亡率高。由于高通量测序技术的最新进展，已对异源HCT期间微生物组的组成进行了表征，并确定了一些常见模式。肠道细菌产生的代谢产物显示出促进allo-HCT后肠道组​​织稳态和免疫耐受性。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了肠道微生物群和代谢产物在急性GVHD中的作用。此外，将着重介绍旨在保护或再生肠道细胞群的新型治疗方法。

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