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Individual and flock immunity responses of naïve ducks on smallholder farms after vaccination with H5N1 Avian Influenza vaccine: a study in a province of the Mekong Delta Vietnam

机译：H5N1禽流感疫苗接种后小农场中幼稚鸭的个体和羊群免疫反应：越南湄公河三角洲省的一项研究

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In Vietnam, vaccination has played a crucial role in the national strategy for the prevention and control of H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). This study aimed to evaluate antibody responses of immunologically naïve domestic ducks to H5N1 avian influenza vaccine currently used in the national mass vaccination program of Vietnam. Blood samples of 166 ducks reared on smallholder farms were individually collected at three sampling time points, namely, right before vaccination, 21 days after primary vaccination, and 21 days after booster vaccination. Vaccine-induced antibody titers of duck sera were measured by the hemagglutination inhibition assay. Temporal differences in mean antibody titers were analyzed using the generalized least-squares method. No sampled ducks showed anti-H5 seropositivity pre-vaccination. The geometric mean titer (GMT) of the vaccinated ducks was 5.30 after primary vaccination, with 80% of the vaccinated ducks showing seropositivity. This result indicates that the immunity of duck flocks met the targets of the national poultry H5N1 HPAI mass vaccination program. GMT and seropositive rates of the ducks were 6.48 and 96.3%, respectively, after booster vaccination, which were significantly higher than those after primary vaccination. Flock-level seroprotection rate significantly increased from 68% to 84.7%, whereas variability in GMT titers decreased from 34.87% to 26.3%. This study provided important information on humoral immune responses of ducks to the currently used H5N1 vaccine under field conditions. Our findings may help guide veterinary authorities in planning effective vaccine protocols for the prevention and control of H5N1 in the target poultry population.
机译：在越南，疫苗接种在预防和控制H5高致病性禽流感（HPAI）的国家策略中发挥了关键作用。这项研究旨在评估目前在越南国家大规模疫苗接种计划中使用的幼稚免疫鸭子对H5N1禽流感疫苗的抗体反应。在三个采样时间点分别采集了166只在小农户农场饲养的鸭子的血样，分别是在疫苗接种前，初次疫苗接种后21天和加强疫苗接种后21天。通过血凝抑制测定法测量了鸭血清的疫苗诱导的抗体滴度。使用广义最小二乘法分析平均抗体滴度的时间差异。没有样品的鸭子在接种疫苗前显示出抗H5血清反应阳性。初次接种疫苗后，已接种鸭的几何平均滴度（GMT）为5.30，其中80％的已接种鸭显示出血清阳性。该结果表明，鸭群的免疫力达到了国家家禽H5N1 HPAI大规模疫苗接种计划的目标。加强免疫后，鸭子的GMT和血清反应阳性率分别为6.48和96.3％，显着高于初次免疫后。鸡群的血清保护率从68％显着提高到84.7％，而GMT滴度的变异性从34.87％降低到26.3％。这项研究为野鸭在野鸭对目前使用的H5N1疫苗的体液免疫反应提供了重要信息。我们的发现可能有助于指导兽医当局规划有效的疫苗接种方案，以预防和控制目标家禽中的H5N1。

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