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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>other >My Sadness – Our Happiness: Writing About Positive Negative and Neutral Autobiographical Life Events Reveals Linguistic Markers of Self-Positivity and Individual Well-Being
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My Sadness – Our Happiness: Writing About Positive Negative and Neutral Autobiographical Life Events Reveals Linguistic Markers of Self-Positivity and Individual Well-Being

机译：我的悲伤–我们的幸福：撰写有关积极消极和中性的自传生活事件揭示了自我积极性和个人幸福感的语言标记

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>Objective: Narratives of autobiographical events contain rich information about an individual’s private experience, his/her deepest thoughts, feelings, and emotions. The present study investigates linguistic markers of emotion expression and subjective well-being in adults during one session of positive, negative, and neutral expressive writing. Participants (N = 28 healthy participants, N = 7 adults with depressive symptoms), all native speakers of German were instructed to write expressively about personally relevant autobiographical life events of negative, positive, and neutral content.>Methods: Quantitative text analysis was performed to determine the amount of emotional words, first person pronouns (singular vs. plural), and cognitive function words used in positive, negative, and neutral narratives and to examine the potency of these classes of words as linguistic markers of positivityegativity, self-reference, and cognitive reappraisal. Additionally, the relationship between expressive writing and subjective well-being was explored by assessing changes in self-reported psychosomatic symptoms and in bodily and emotional awareness immediately after positive, negative, and neutral writing.>Results: Regarding healthy participants, negative narratives contained significantly more negative emotional words than positive or neutral narratives. However, negative narratives also contained more positive emotional words compared to negative emotional words in positive narratives. Moreover, negative narratives contained more cognitive function words than positive narratives, suggesting that healthy participants tried to reappraise negative experiences while writing about negative personal life events. Positive narratives were characterized by an increased use of positive words and of pronouns of the first person plural (“we”), supporting a positivity bias and an extension of self-reference from first person singular to plural (we-reference) during positive expressive writing. Similarly, writing about neutral events was characterized by a positivity bias. Although based on descriptive analysis only, preferential use of positive words and cognitive function words in negative narratives was absent in participants reporting depressive symptoms. Positive, negative, and neutral expressive writing was accompanied by differential changes in bodily sensations, emotional awareness, and self-reported psychosomatic symptoms in all participants.>Discussion: The findings are discussed with respect to previous research, a self-positivity bias, and a universal positivity bias in language use highlighting the relevance of these biases as markers of subjective well-being.
机译：>目的：自传事件的叙述包含有关个人的私人经历，他/她最深的思想，感情和情感的丰富信息。本研究调查了在一次积极的，消极的和中性的表现性写作中，成年人情绪表达和主观幸福感的语言标记。参与者（N = 28名健康参与者，N = 7名有抑郁症状的成年人），所有以德语为母语的人都被要求用表达力来写有关负，正和中性内容的个人自传生活事件。>方法：进行了定量文本分析，以确定在正面，负面和中性叙事中使用的情感词，第一人称代词（单数或复数）和认知功能词的数量，并检查这些类别的词作为语言标记的效力积极/消极，自我参照和认知评估。此外，通过评估积极，消极和中性写作后立即报告自我报告的心身症状以及身体和情绪意识的变化，探索了表达性写作与主观幸福感之间的关系。>结果：关于健康参与者认为，负面叙事比正面或中立叙事包含更多的负面情感词。然而，与正面叙述中的负面情绪词语相比，负面叙述也包含更多正面情绪词语。此外，负面叙述比正面叙述包含更多的认知功能词，这表明健康的参与者在撰写负面的个人生活事件时试图重新评估负面的经历。积极叙事的特点是增加了对积极单词和第一人称复数（“我们”）代词的使用，支持了积极偏见，并在积极表达过程中将自我参照从第一人称单数扩展为复数（我们参照）写作。同样，关于中立事件的写作也带有积极偏见。尽管仅基于描述性分析，但在报告抑郁症状的参与者中，没有在负叙事中优先使用正词和认知功能词。在所有参与者中，积极，消极和中立的表现性写作都伴随着身体感觉，情感意识和自我报告的心身症状的差异性变化。>讨论：讨论的结果与先前的研究有关，语言中的自我积极性偏见和普遍的积极性偏见强调了这些偏见与主观幸福感的关系。

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