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Seasonal dynamics and changing sea level as determinants of the community and trophic structure of oribatid mites in a salt marsh of the Wadden Sea

机译：瓦登海盐沼的季节性动态和不断变化的海平面决定着ori螨的群落和营养结构

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Global change processes affect seasonal dynamics of salt marshes and thereby their plant and animal communities. However, these changes have been little investigated for microarthropod communities. We studied the effect of seasonality and changes in sea level on oribatid mites in the natural salt marsh and on artificial islands in the back-barrier environment of the island Spiekeroog (Wadden Sea, Germany). Three zones of the artificial islands were filled with transplanted sods from the lower salt marsh zone and thereby exposed to three different inundation frequencies. We hypothesized that oribatid mite communities will differ along the natural salt marsh vegetation zones [upper salt marsh (USM), lower salt marsh (LSM), pioneer zone (PZ)], which are influenced by different tidal regimes. Accordingly, total oribatid mite densities declined from the USM and LSM to the PZ. Similarly, oribatid mite species compositions changed along the salt marsh transect and also responded to variations in inundation frequency in LSM on artificial islands with typical species of the USM, LSM and PZ being Multioppia neglecta (USM), Hermannia pulchella (LSM), Zachvatkinibates quadrivertex (LSM, PZ) and Ameronothrus schneideri (LSM, PZ). Oribatid mite density in the salt marsh and on the artificial islands was at a maximum in winter and spring; this was due in part to high density of juveniles, pointing to two reproductive periods. We hypothesized that oribatid mite trophic structure changes due to variations in abiotic (e.g., tidal dynamics, temperature) and biotic conditions (e.g., resource availability). Stable isotope (15N, 13C) and neutral lipid fatty acid analyses indicated that oribatid mite species have different diets with e.g., Z. quadrivertex feeding on macroalgae and fungi, A. schneideri feeding on microalgae and bacteria, and Scheloribates laevigatus and M. neglecta feeding on dead organic matter, bacteria and fungi. Overall, the results indicate that oribatid mite species in salt marshes are affected by changes in environmental factors such as inundation intensity, with the effects being most pronounced in species with narrow trophic niches and limited niche plasticity. The results also indicate that oribatid mite communities of the LSM respond little to short-term (one year) changes in inundation frequency.
机译：全球变化过程会影响盐沼的季节性动态，进而影响其动植物群落。但是，对于微型节肢动物群落，这些变化很少进行研究。我们研究了季节性变化和海平面变化对天然盐沼中的蝙蝠螨和在Spiekeroog岛（德国瓦登海）后道屏障环境中的人工岛上的影响。人工岛的三个区域充满了来自低盐沼地带的已移植草皮，因此暴露于三种不同的淹没频率。我们假设在自然盐沼植被区[上盐沼（USM），下盐沼（LSM），先驱区（PZ）]上，螨虫螨类群落会有所不同，这会受到不同潮汐制度的影响。因此，总的螨虫螨虫密度从USM和LSM下降到PZ。类似地，在盐沼沼泽地上，蝙蝠科螨的种类组成发生了变化，并且还对人工岛上LSM中淹没频率的变化做出了响应，其中USM，LSM和PZ的典型物种为疏忽多毛（USM），赫尔曼尼亚普尔切拉（LSM），Zachvatkinibates quadrivertex （LSM，PZ）和Ameronothrus schneideri（LSM，PZ）。冬季和春季，盐沼和人工岛上的拟蝙蝠螨密度最高。这部分归因于未成年人的高密度，这指向两个生殖期。我们假设，由于非生物（例如潮汐动力学，温度）和生物条件（例如资源可利用性）的变化，oribatid螨的营养结构发生了变化。稳定的同位素（ 15 N， 13 C）和中性脂质脂肪酸分析表明，bat螨的饮食结构不同，例如以大型藻类和真菌为食的准四角Z schneideri以微藻类和细菌为食，而Scheloribates laevigatus和m。neglecta则以死有机物，细菌和真菌为食。总体而言，结果表明盐沼中的螨虫螨类物种受环境因素（例如淹没强度）的变化影响，其中营养位狭窄且生态位可塑性有限的物种的影响最为明显。结果还表明，LSM的原螨螨群落对淹没频率的短期（一年）变化几乎没有反应。

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