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An improved environmental DNA assay for bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) based on the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer I

机译:基于核糖体内部转录间隔子I的改良环境DNA测定牛鳟(Salvelinus confluentus)

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摘要

The majority of environmental DNA (eDNA) assays for vertebrate species are based on commonly analyzed regions of the mitochondrial genome. However, the high degree of mitochondrial similarity between two species of charr (Salvelinus spp.), southern Dolly Varden (S. malma lordii) and bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus), precludes the development of a mitochondrial eDNA assay to distinguish them. Presented here is an eDNA assay to detect bull trout based on the first ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITSI), a nuclear marker. This assay successfully detects bull trout and avoids detecting Dolly Varden as well as brook trout (S. fontinalis), Arctic char (S. alpinus), and lake trout (S. namaycush). In addition, this assay was compared with an extensively used mitochondrial bull trout assay and it was found that the ITSI-based assay produced higher detectability. Our results suggest this assay should out-perform the published mtDNA assay across the range of bull trout, while the added specificity allows reliable bull trout detection in areas where bull trout co-occur with other charr such as Dolly Varden. While clearly a superior assay in this instance, basing assays on ITSI is not without problems. For vertebrates, there are fewer ITSI sequences available than commonly sequenced regions of the mitochondrial genome. Thus, the initial in silico screening of candidate assays must be preceded by much more extensive sampling and sequencing of sympatric or closely related taxa. Further, all copies of the internal transcribed spacers within an individual may not be identical, which can lead to complications. Lastly, the copy number for ITSI varies widely across taxa; the greater detectability associated with this assay cannot be assumed for other species.
机译:脊椎动物物种的大多数环境DNA(eDNA)分析都是基于线粒体基因组的普遍分析区域。但是,两种多类炭藻(Salvelinus spp。),南多利瓦尔登(S. malma lordii)和牛鳟鱼(Salvelinus confluentus)之间的线粒体相似性很高,因此无法进行线粒体eDNA分析来区分它们。这里介绍的是一种基于第一个核糖体内部转录间隔子(ITSI)(一种核标志物)的eDNA检测法,以检测公牛鳟鱼。该检测成功地检测了公牛鳟鱼,并且避免了检测多莉·瓦尔登(Dolly Varden)以及溪鳟(S. fontinalis),北极鲑(S. alpinus)和湖鳟(S. namaycush)。另外,将该测定法与广泛使用的线粒体牛鳟鱼测定法进行比较,发现基于ITSI的测定法产生更高的可检测性。我们的结果表明,这种方法在整个鳟鱼范围内均应胜过已发表的mtDNA分析,而增加的特异性可以在与其他鲑鱼(例如多莉·瓦尔登)共生的地区可靠地检测出鳟鱼。尽管在这种情况下显然是一种优越的检测方法,但基于ITSI的检测方法并非没有问题。对于脊椎动物,可用的ITSI序列比线粒体基因组的常规测序区域少。因此,必须先对同伴或密切相关的类群进行更广泛的采样和测序,然后再进行候选分析的计算机初步筛选。此外,个体内部转录间隔子的所有副本可能不相同,这可能导致复杂化。最后,ITSI的副本号在整个分类单元中差异很大。对于其他物种,不能假定与此检测方法相关的可检测性更高。

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