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Conservation implications for jaguars and other neotropical mammals using highway underpasses

机译:使用公路地下通道对美洲虎和其他新热带哺乳动物的保护意义

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摘要

The Nuevo Xcan-Playa del Carmen highway in Quintana Roo, bisects the vegetation corridor connecting two Jaguar Conservation Units (JCUs): Yum Balaam (north) and Sian Ka´an (south). The project´s main goal was to describe differential use of available crossing structures (wildlife underpasses and culverts) by mammals present along this highway. We set 28 camera traps along the 54km stretch of the highway covering wildlife underpasses (10), and culverts such as box culverts (9) and pipes (9) from September 2016 until March 2017. A total of 24 jaguar crossings have been recorded exclusively using wildlife underpasses, including four males and two females. At least 18 other mammal species including five of the target priority species (protected by Mexican law) were documented, all of which were native except for two invasive species. In terms of species using the crossing structures, we identified 13 species using wildlife underpasses, nine using concrete box culverts and 10 using concrete pipes. Wildlife underpasses show higher diversity values (Shannon´s exponential index = 5.8 and Inverse Simpson´s index = 4.66) compared to culverts because they allow bigger species to cross. We recommend more highways along the jaguar´s distribution should develop mitigation measures to allow for wildlife connectivity. Wildlife underpasses, along with retrofitted culverts, could help secure not only the permanence of this species by facilitating the functional connectivity between populations but have positive impacts on other neotropical mammalian fauna as well.
机译:金塔纳罗奥州的Nuevo Xcan-Playa del Carmen公路将植被走廊一分为二,将两个美洲虎保护区(JCU):Yum Balaam(北部)和Sian Ka´an(南部)连接起来。该项目的主要目标是描述沿这条公路存在的哺乳动物对可用的穿越结构(野生动物地下通道和涵洞)的不同利用。从2016年9月到2017年3月,我们在高速公路54公里长的公路沿线设置了28个摄像头陷阱,覆盖野生动物地下通道(10)和涵洞,例如箱形涵洞(9)和管道(9)。总共记录了24个美洲虎过境点使用野生动物地下通道,包括四只雄性和两只雌性。至少有18种其他哺乳动物物种被记录下来,其中包括5种目标优先物种(受墨西哥法律保护),除2种入侵物种外,所有这些物种均为本地物种。在使用交叉结构的物种方面,我们使用野生生物地下通道确定了13种,使用混凝土箱涵确定了9种,使用混凝土管道确定了10种。与涵洞相比,野生生物地下通道显示出更高的多样性值(香农指数指数= 5.8和辛普森反指数= 4.66),因为它们允许更大的物种穿越。我们建议美洲虎分布地区的更多高速公路应制定缓解措施,以实现野生动植物的连通。野生动物地下通道,以及经过改造的涵洞,不仅可以通过促进种群之间的功能连接来帮助确保该物种的永久性,而且还对其他新热带哺乳动物群产生积极影响。

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