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Age-Related Differences in the Effects of Masker Cuing on Releasing Chinese Speech From Informational Masking

机译：信息提示语中掩蔽提示对中文语音释放效果的与年龄相关的差异

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The aims of the present study were to examine whether familiarity with a masker improves word recognition in speech masking situations and whether there are age-related differences in the effects of masker cuing. Thirty-two older listeners (range = 59–74; mean age = 66.41 years) with high-frequency hearing loss and 32 younger normal-hearing listeners (range = 21–28; mean age = 23.73) participated in this study, all of whom spoke Chinese as their first language. Two experiments were conducted and 16 younger and 16 older listeners were used in each experiment. The masking speech with different content from target speech with syntactically correct but semantically meaningless was a continuous recording of meaningless Chinese sentences spoken by two talkers. The masker level was adjusted to produce signal-to-masker ratios of -12, -8, -4, and 0 dB for the younger participants and -8, -4, 0, and 4 dB for the older participants. Under masker-priming conditions, a priming sentence, spoken by the masker talkers, was presented in quiet three times before a target sentence was presented together with a masker sentence 4 s later. In Experiment 1, using same-sentence masker-priming (identical to the masker sentence), the masker-priming improved the identification of the target sentence for both age groups compared to when no priming was provided. However, the amount of masking release was less in the older adults than in the younger adults. In Experiment 2, two kinds of primes were considered: same-sentence masker-priming, and different-sentence masker-priming (different from the masker sentence in content for each keyword). The results of Experiment 2 showed that both kinds of primes improved the identification of the targets for both age groups. However, the release from speech masking in both priming conditions was less in the older adults than in the younger adults, and the release from speech masking in both age groups was greater with same-sentence masker-priming than with different-sentence masker-priming. These results suggest that both the voice and content cues of a masker could be used to release target speech from maskers in noisy listening conditions. Furthermore, there was an age-related decline in masker-priming-induced release from speech masking.
机译：本研究的目的是研究在语音掩蔽情况下对掩蔽者的熟悉度是否可以提高单词识别能力，以及掩蔽线索的效果是否与年龄相关。共有32位年龄较大的听众（范围= 59-74；平均年龄= 66.41岁），伴有高频听力丧失，有32位年轻的正常听力听觉者（范围= 21-28；平均年龄= 23.73）参加了这项研究，所有他们以汉语为第一语言。进行了两个实验，每个实验中使用了16位年轻和16位年龄较大的听众。与目标语音具有不同内容的掩蔽语音在语法上正确，但在语义上是无意义的，是连续记录两个说话者说的无意义的中文句子。调整了掩蔽级别，以使年轻参与者的信噪比达到-12，-8，-4和0 dB，而较老参与者则达到-8，-4、0和4 dB。在掩蔽启动条件下，掩蔽说话者说的一个启动语句在安静的情况下被提出了三遍，然后在4秒钟后将目标句子和掩蔽语句一起提出。在实验1中，使用相同句子掩蔽词启动（与掩蔽词相同），与未提供引词的情况相比，掩蔽词启动改善了两个年龄段的目标句子的识别。但是，老年人的掩盖释放量少于年轻人。在实验2中，考虑了两种素数：相同句子掩蔽词启动和不同句子掩蔽词启动（每个关键字的内容与掩蔽句不同）。实验2的结果表明，两种素数都能改善两个年龄组的目标识别。然而，在两个启动条件下，语音掩蔽的释放在老年人中均比在年轻人中少，并且在两个年龄组中，使用相同句子掩蔽剂引发的语音掩盖释放都大于使用不同句子掩蔽剂引发的语音掩盖释放。 。这些结果表明，在嘈杂的聆听条件下，可以使用掩蔽器的语音和内容提示从掩蔽器释放目标语音。此外，与年龄有关的掩盖剂引发的语音掩盖释放也有所下降。

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