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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>other >Phenotyping for Nitrogen Use Efficiency: Rice Genotypes Differ in N-Responsive Germination Oxygen Consumption Seed Urease Activities Root Growth Crop Duration and Yield at Low N
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Phenotyping for Nitrogen Use Efficiency: Rice Genotypes Differ in N-Responsive Germination Oxygen Consumption Seed Urease Activities Root Growth Crop Duration and Yield at Low N

机译：氮利用效率的表型分析：水稻基因型在氮敏感型发芽耗氧量种子脲酶活性根系生长作物持续时间和低氮产量方面不同

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摘要

The biological improvement of fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is hampered by the poor characterization of the phenotype and genotype for crop N response and NUE. In an attempt to identify phenotypic traits for N-response and NUE in the earliest stages of plant growth, we analyzed the N-responsive germination, respiration, urease activities, and root/shoot growth of 21 Indica genotypes of rice (Oryza sativa var. indica). We found that N delays germination from 0 to 12 h in a genotype-dependent and source-dependent manner, especially with urea and nitrate. We identified contrasting groups of fast germinating genotypes such as Aditya, Nidhi, and Swarnadhan, which were also least delayed by N and slow germinating genotypes such as Panvel 1, Triguna, and Vikramarya, which were also most delayed by N. Oxygen uptake measurements in the seeds of contrasting genotypes revealed that they were affected by N source in accordance with germination rates, especially with urea. Germinating seeds were found to have endogenous urease activity, indicating the need to explore genotypic differences in the effective urea uptake and metabolism, which remain unexplored so far. Urea was found to significantly inhibit early root growth in all genotypes but not shoot growth. Field evaluation of 15 of the above genotypes clearly showed that germination rates, crop duration, and yield are linked to NUE. Slow germinating genotypes had longer crop duration and higher yield even at lower N, indicating their higher NUE, relative to fast germinating or short duration genotypes. Moreover, longer duration genotypes suffered lesser yield losses at reduced N levels as compared to short duration genotypes, which is also a measure of their NUE. Together, these results indicate the potential of germination rates, crop duration, urea utilization and its effect on root growth in the development of novel phenotypic traits for screening genotypes and crop improvement for NUE, at least in rice.
机译：肥料氮素利用效率（NUE）的生物学提高受到作物氮素反应和NUE的表型和基因型表征不佳的阻碍。为了在植物生长的早期阶段确定N响应和NUE的表型性状，我们分析了21种In稻基因型（Oryza sativa var。）的N响应发芽，呼吸作用，脲酶活性和根/茎生长。印度）。我们发现N以基因型和源依赖的方式，特别是使用尿素和硝酸盐，将发芽从0延迟到12 h。我们确定了快速发芽基因型（例如Aditya，Nidhi和Swarnadhan）的对比组，它们受N延迟最少，而慢发芽基因型（例如Panvel 1，Triguna和Vikramarya）也受N延迟最大。不同基因型的种子表明，根据发芽率，特别是尿素，它们受到氮源的影响。发现发芽的种子具有内源性脲酶活性，这表明需要探索有效尿素吸收和代谢的基因型差异，这些差异迄今尚未发现。发现尿素能显着抑制所有基因型的早期根生长，但不能抑制芽生长。对上述15种基因型的田间评估清楚地表明，发芽率，作物持续时间和产量与NUE有关联。相对于快速发芽或短持续时间的基因型，慢发芽基因型即使在较低的氮素条件下也具有更长的作物持续时间和更高的产量，表明其较高的NUE。此外，与短持续时间的基因型相比，持续时间较长的基因型在氮水平降低的情况下遭受的产量损失较小，这也是衡量其NUE的指标。总之，这些结果表明，至少在水稻中，发芽率，作物持续时间，尿素利用率及其对根系生长的潜在影响可用于筛选新品种的基因型和改良作物的新表型性状。

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