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New records of the archaic dolphin Agorophius (Mammalia: Cetacea) from the upper Oligocene Chandler Bridge Formation of South Carolina USA

机译：美国南卡罗莱纳州上渐新统钱德勒桥上层古海豚Agorophius（哺乳动物：鲸类）的新记录

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摘要

The stem odontocete Agorophius pygmaeus (Ashley Formation, lower Oligocene, South Carolina; 29.0–26.57 Ma) has been a critical point of comparison for studies of early neocete evolution owing to its early discovery as well as its transitional anatomy relative to archaeocete whales and modern odontocetes. Some time during the late nineteenth century the holotype skull went missing and has never been relocated; supplementary reference specimens have since been recently referred to the species from the Ashley Formation and the overlying Chandler Bridge Formation (upper Oligocene; 24.7–23.5). New crania referable to Agorophius sp. are identifiable to the genus based on several features of the intertemporal region. Furthermore, all published specimens from the Chandler Bridge Formation consistently share larger absolute size and a proportionally shorter exposure of the parietal in the skull roof than specimens from the Ashley Formation (including the holotype). Furthermore, these specimens include well-preserved ethmoid labyrinths and cribriform plates, indicating that Agorophius primitively retained a strong olfactory sense. These new crania suggest that at least two species of Agorophius are present in the Oligocene of South Carolina, revealing a somewhat more complicated taxonomic perspective.
机译：齿形龙骨（Agorophius pygmaeus）（南卡罗来纳州下渐新世的阿什利组； 29.0–26.57 Ma）由于较早发现以及相对于古鲸和现代鲸鱼的过渡解剖学而一直是早期新鲸演化研究的重要比较点。牙本质在19世纪后期的某个时候，完整的头骨消失了，从未被重新安置过。此后，最近已将补充参考标本提及阿什利组和上层的钱德勒桥组（渐新世； 24.7–23.5）的物种。新的颅骨可指Agorophius sp。可以根据跨时区的几个特征来区分属。此外，与Ashley组（包括整型）的标本相比，Chandler Bridge组的所有已发表标本始终具有更大的绝对尺寸，并且头骨顶壁的顶面暴露成比例地更短。此外，这些标本包括保存完好的筛网迷宫和筛状板块，表明Agorophius最初保留了强烈的嗅觉。这些新的缝隙表明南卡罗来纳州的渐新世至少存在两种​​Agorophius，这揭示了更为复杂的分类学观点。

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