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Assessing the role of dispersed floral resources for managed bees in providing supporting ecosystem services for crop pollination

机译：评估养蜂的花卉资源在提供支持植物授粉的生态系统服务中的作用

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Most pollination ecosystem services studies have focussed on wild pollinators and their dependence on natural floral resources adjacent to crop fields. However, managed pollinators depend on a mixture of floral resources that are spatially separated from the crop field. Here, we consider the supporting role these resources play as an ecosystem services provider to quantify the use and availability of floral resources, and to estimate their relative contribution to support pollination services of managed honeybees. Beekeepers supplying pollination services to the Western Cape deciduous fruit industry were interviewed to obtain information on their use of floral resources. For 120 apiary sites, we also analysed floral resources within a two km radius of each site based on geographic data. The relative availability of floral resources at sites was compared to regional availability. The relative contribution of floral resources-types to sustain managed honeybees was estimated. Beekeepers showed a strong preference for eucalypts and canola. Beekeepers selectively placed more hives at sites with eucalypt and canola and less with natural vegetation. However, at the landscape-scale, eucalypt was the least available resource, whereas natural vegetation was most common. Based on analysis of apiary sites, we estimated that 700,818 ha of natural vegetation, 73,910 ha of canola fields, and 10,485 ha of eucalypt are used to support the managed honeybee industry in the Western Cape. Whereas the Cape managed honeybee system uses a bee native to the region, alien plant species appear disproportionately important among the floral resources being exploited. We suggest that an integrated approach, including evidence from interview and landscape data, and fine-scale biological data is needed to study floral resources supporting managed honeybees.
机译：大多数授粉生态系统服务研究都集中在野生授粉媒介及其对作物田附近天然花卉资源的依赖上。但是，管理传粉者依赖于在空间上与作物田分开的花卉资源的混合。在这里，我们考虑这些资源作为生态系统服务提供者的支持作用，以量化花卉资源的使用和可用性，并估计它们对支持蜜蜂管理的授粉服务的相对贡献。对为西开普省落叶果业提供授粉服务的养蜂人进行了采访，以获取有关其花卉资源利用情况的信息。对于120个养蜂场，我们还根据地理数据分析了每个站点两公里半径内的花卉资源。将站点上花卉资源的相对可用性与区域可用性进行了比较。估计花卉资源类型对维持管理蜜蜂的相对贡献。养蜂人对桉树和油菜籽表现出强烈的偏爱。养蜂人有选择地将更多的蜂巢放置在有桉树和油菜的地方，而在自然植被下放置的蜂巢则更少。然而，在景观尺度上，桉树是最少的可用资源，而天然植被则最常见。根据对养蜂场的分析，我们估计有700,818公顷的自然植被，73,910公顷的油菜田和10,485公顷的桉树被用来支持西开普省的有管理的蜜蜂产业。开普管理的蜜蜂系统使用的是该地区的本地蜜蜂，而外来植物物种在正在开发的花卉资源中显得尤为重要。我们建议需要一种综合方法，包括来自访谈和景观数据的证据以及精细的生物学数据，以研究支持管理蜜蜂的花卉资源。

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