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Satellite-based view of the aerosol spatial and temporal variability in the Córdoba region (Argentina) using over ten years of high-resolution data

机译：使用十年以上高分辨率数据的基于卫星的科尔多瓦地区（阿根廷）气溶胶时空变化视图

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Space-based observations offer a unique opportunity to investigate the atmosphere and its changes over decadal time scales, particularly in regions lacking in situ and/or ground based observations. In this study, we investigate temporal and spatial variability of atmospheric particulate matter (aerosol) over the urban area of Córdoba (central Argentina) using over ten years (2003–2015) of high-resolution (1 km) satellite-based retrievals of aerosol optical depth (AOD). This fine resolution is achieved exploiting the capabilities of a recently developed inversion algorithm (Multiangle implementation of atmospheric correction, MAIAC) applied to the MODIS sensor datasets of the NASA-Terra and -Aqua platforms. Results of this investigation show a clear seasonality of AOD over the investigated area. This is found to be shaped by an intricate superposition of aerosol sources, acting over different spatial scales and affecting the region with different yearly cycles. During late winter and spring (August-October), local as well as near- and long-range transported biomass burning (BB) aerosols enhance the Córdoba aerosol load, and AOD levels reach their maximum values (> 0.35 at 0.47μm). The fine AOD spatial resolution allowed to disclose that, in this period, AOD maxima are found in the rural/agricultural area around the city, reaching up to the city boundaries pinpointing that fires of local and near-range origin play a major role in the AOD enhancement. A reverse spatial AOD gradient is found from December to March, the urban area showing AODs 40 to 80% higher than in the city surroundings. In fact, during summer, the columnar aerosol load over the Córdoba region is dominated by local (urban and industrial) sources, likely coupled to secondary processes driven by enhanced radiation and mixing effects within a deeper planetary boundary layer (PBL). With the support of modelled AOD data from the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Application (MERRA), we further investigated into the chemical nature of AOD. The results suggest that mineral dust is also an important aerosol component in Córdoba, with maximum impact from November to February. The use of a long-term dataset finally allowed a preliminary assessment of AOD trends over the Córdoba region. For those months in which local sources and secondary processes were found to dominate the AOD (December to March), we found a positive AOD trend in the Córdoba outskirts, mainly in the areas with maximum urbanization/population growth over the investigated decade. Conversely, a negative AOD trend (up to −0.1 per decade) is observed all over the rural area of Córdoba during the BB season, this being attributed to a decrease of fires both at the local and the continental scale.
机译：天基观测提供了一个独特的机会来研究大气及其在年代际尺度上的变化，特别是在缺乏实地和/或地面观测的地区。在这项研究中，我们使用十年（2003年至2015年）的高分辨率（1公里）基于卫星的气溶胶检索，研究了科尔多瓦（阿根廷中部）市区的大气颗粒物（气溶胶）的时空变化。光学深度（AOD）。利用最近开发的反演算法（大气校正的多角度实现，MAIAC）的功能可以实现这种精细分辨率，该反演算法已应用于NASA-Terra和-Aqua平台的MODIS传感器数据集。这项调查的结果表明，在调查区域内，AOD的季节性明显。发现这是由复杂的气溶胶源叠加形成的，它们在不同的空间尺度上起作用，并以不同的年周期影响该地区。在冬末和春季（8月至10月），局部以及近距离和远距离运输的生物质燃烧（BB）气溶胶提高了科尔多瓦的气溶胶负荷，并且AOD含量达到最大值（在0.47μm时大于0.35）。良好的AOD空间分辨率可以揭示出，在此期间，在城市周围的农村/农业地区发现了AOD最大值，达到了城市边界，这表明本地和近距离起源的火灾在火灾中起着主要作用。 AOD增强。从12月到3月，发现AOD的空间反向变化，市区的AOD比城市环境高40％至80％。实际上，在夏季，科尔多瓦地区的柱状气溶胶负荷主要由本地（城市和工业）来源引起，可能与更深的行星边界层（PBL）内辐射和混合效应增强驱动的二次过程有关。在现代时代研究和应用回顾分析（MERRA）的模拟AOD数据的支持下，我们进一步研究了AOD的化学性质。结果表明，矿尘也是科尔多瓦的重要气溶胶成分，从11月到2月影响最大。使用长期数据集最终可以初步评估科尔多瓦地区的AOD趋势。在发现本地来源和次要过程主导AOD的月份（12月至3月）中，我们在科尔多瓦郊区发现了积极的AOD趋势，主要是在所调查的十年中城市化/人口增长最大的地区。相反，在BB季节，整个科尔多瓦农村地区的AOD趋势都为负（每十年最高−0.1），这归因于当地和大陆火灾的减少。

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