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A Plant Extract Acts Both as a Resistance Inducer and an Oomycide Against Grapevine Downy Mildew

机译：植物提取物既可以作为抗诱导剂又可以作为抗霜剂来对抗葡萄霜霉病。

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摘要

Protecting vineyards from cryptogamic diseases such as downy mildew, caused by Plasmopara viticola, generally requires a massive use of phytochemicals. However, the issues on unintentional secondary effects on environment and human health, and the occurrence of P. viticola resistant strains, are leading to the development of alternative strategies, such as the use of biocontrol products. In this paper, we evidenced the ability of a plant extract to protect grapevine from P. viticola. Further experiments carried out both on cell suspensions and on plants revealed that plant extract activates typical defense-related responses such as the production of H2O2, the up-regulation of genes encoding pathogenesis-related proteins and stilbene synthase, as well as the accumulation of resveratrol or its derivative piceid. We also brought to light a strong direct effect of PE on the release and motility of P. viticola zoospores. Furthermore, we found out that PE application left dried residues on leaf surface, impairing zoospores to reach stomata. Altogether, our results highlight the different modes of action of a new biocontrol product able to protect grapevine against downy mildew.
机译：保护葡萄园免受由葡萄小单胞菌引起的隐性疾病（例如霜霉病）的侵袭，通常需要大量使用植物化学物质。然而，关于对环境和人类健康的意外继发效应以及玻璃纤维假单胞菌抗性菌株的出现，这些问题正在导致替代策略的发展，例如使用生物防治产品。在本文中，我们证明了植物提取物能够保护葡萄免受葡萄黄单胞菌的侵害。在细胞悬浮液和植物上进行的进一步实验表明，植物提取物激活典型的防御相关反应，例如H2O2的产生，致病相关蛋白和二苯乙烯合酶编码基因的上调以及白藜芦醇的积累或其派生类商品。我们还发现了PE对葡萄球菌游动孢子的释放和运动具有很强的直接作用。此外，我们发现，PE的施用会在叶表面留下干燥的残留物，从而损害游动孢子到达气孔。总之，我们的结果突出了一种新的生物防治产品的不同作用方式，该产品能够保护葡萄树免受霜霉病的侵害。

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