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The influence of different deep-sea coral habitats on sediment macrofaunal community structure and function

机译：不同深海珊瑚栖息地对沉积物大型动物群落结构和功能的影响

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Deep-sea corals can create a highly complex, three-dimensional structure that facilitates sediment accumulation and influences adjacent sediment environments through altered hydrodynamic regimes. Infaunal communities adjacent to different coral types, including reef-building scleractinian corals and individual colonies of octocorals, are known to exhibit higher macrofaunal densities and distinct community structure when compared to non-coral soft-sediment communities. However, the coral types have different morphologies, which may modify the adjacent sediment communities in discrete ways. Here we address: (1) how infaunal communities and their associated sediment geochemistry compare among deep-sea coral types (Lophelia pertusa, Madrepora oculata, and octocorals) and (2) do infaunal communities adjacent to coral habitats exhibit typical regional and depth-related patterns observed in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM). Sediment push cores were collected to assess diversity, composition, numerical abundance, and functional traits of macrofauna (>300 µm) across 450 kilometers in the GOM at depths ranging from 263–1,095 m. Macrofaunal density was highest in L. pertusa habitats, but similar between M. oculata and octocorals habitats. Density overall exhibited a unimodal relationship with depth, with maximum densities between 600 and 800 m. Diversity and evenness were highest in octocoral habitats; however, there was no relationship between diversity and depth. Infaunal assemblages and functional traits differed among coral habitats, with L. pertusa habitats the most distinct from both M. oculata and octocorals. These patterns could relate to differences in sediment geochemistry as L. pertusa habitats contained high organic carbon content but low proportions of mud compared to both M. oculata and octocoral habitats. Distance-based linear modeling revealed depth, mud content, and organic carbon as the primary factors in driving coral infaunal community structure, while geographic location (longitude) was the primary factor in functional trait composition, highlighting both the location and ecological differences of L. pertusa habitats from other coral habitats. Enhanced habitat structural complexity associated with L. pertusa and differences in localized hydrodynamic flow may contribute to the dissimilarities in the communities found among the coral types. Our results suggest a decoupling for infaunal coral communities from the typical depth-related density and diversity patterns present throughout soft-sediment habitats in the GOM, highlighting the importance of deep-sea corals in structuring unique communities in the nearby benthos.
机译：深海珊瑚可以形成高度复杂的三维结构，从而促进沉积物的积累，并通过改变水动力机制来影响邻近的沉积物环境。与非珊瑚软沉积群落相比，与不同珊瑚类型相邻的非动物群落（包括造礁的巩膜珊瑚和八角珊瑚的单个菌落）表现出更高的大型动物密度和独特的群落结构。但是，珊瑚类型具有不同的形态，可能以离散的方式改变邻近的沉积物群落。在这里，我们解决：（1）在深海珊瑚类型（罗菲亚小花（Lophelia pertusa），马杜波拉草（Madrepora oculata）和八眼珊瑚）之间的非动物群落及其相关的沉积物地球化学如何比较；（2）与珊瑚栖息地相邻的非动物群落表现出典型的区域性和深度相关性在墨西哥湾（GOM）中观察到的模式。收集了泥沙推力岩心，以评估GOM 450公里内263至1,095 m深度的大型动物（> 300 µm）的多样性，组成，数量丰度和功能特征。在百日草栖息地中大型动物的密度最高，但在食分毛虫和八角栖息地之间的相似。总体上，密度与深度呈单峰关系，最大密度在600至800m之间。在八角生境中多样性和均匀性最高。但是，多样性和深度之间没有关系。在珊瑚生境中，臭虫的组合和功能性状各不相同，其中百日草的生境与绿眼兰和八齿oc最不同。这些模式可能与沉积物地球化学的差异有关，因为百日咳杆菌栖息地含有较高的有机碳含量，但与斜纹夜蛾和八眼栖息地相比，泥土的比例较低。基于距离的线性建模揭示了深度，泥浆含量和有机碳是驱动珊瑚非生物群落结构的主要因素，而地理位置（经度）是功能性状组成的主要因素，突出了L的位置和生态差异。 pertusa栖息地来自其他珊瑚栖息地。与百日咳沙门氏菌有关的生境结构复杂性增加，以及局部水动力流动的差异可能导致珊瑚类型之间的群落差异。我们的研究结果表明，非珊瑚类珊瑚群落与GOM中整个软沉积生境中典型的与深度相关的密度和多样性模式脱钩，突显了深海珊瑚在构造附近底栖生物的独特群落中的重要性。

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