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Effects of Cathode Location and the Size of Anode on Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Over the Leg Motor Area in Healthy Humans

机译:阴极位置和阳极大小对健康人下肢运动区阳极经颅直流电刺激的影响

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摘要

>Objective: Non-invasive brain stimulation such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) involves passing low currents through the brain and is a promising tool for the modulation of cortical excitability. In this study, we investigated the effects of cathode location and the size of anode for anodal tDCS of the right-leg area of the motor cortex, which is challenging due to its depth and orientation in the inter-hemispheric fissure.>Methods: We first computationally investigated the effects of cathode location and the size of the anode to find the best montage for specificity of stimulation effects for the targeted leg motor area using finite element analysis (FEA). We then compared the best electrode montage found from FEA with the conventional montage (contralateral supraorbital cathode) via neurophysiological testing of both, the targeted as well as the contralateral leg motor area.>Results: The conventional anodal tDCS electrode montage for leg motor cortex stimulation using a large-anode (5 cm × 7 cm, current strength 2 mA) affected the contralateral side more strongly in both the FEA and the neurophysiological testing when compared to other electrode montages. A small-anode (3.5 cm × 1 cm at 0.2 mA) with the same current density at the electrode surface and identical contralateral supraorbital cathode placement improved specificity. The best cathode location for the small-anode in terms of specificity for anodal tDCS of the right-leg motor area was T7 (10–10 EEG system).>Conclusion: A small-anode (3.5 cm × 1 cm) with the same current density at the electrode surface as a large-anode (5 cm × 7 cm) resulted in similar cortical excitability alterations of the targeted leg motor cortex respresentation. In relation to the other stimulation conditions, the small-anode montage with the cathode positioned at T7 resulted in the best specificity.
机译:>目的:无创性脑刺激,例如经颅直流电刺激(tDCS),涉及使低电流通过大脑,是调节皮层兴奋性的有前途的工具。在这项研究中,我们研究了阴极位置和阳极尺寸对运动皮层右腿区域阳极tDCS的影响,这由于其在半球间裂隙中的深度和方向而具有挑战性。>方法::我们首先通过计算研究阴极位置和阳极尺寸的影响,以使用有限元分析(FEA)找到针对目标腿部运动区域的刺激效果特异性的最佳蒙太奇。然后,我们通过对目标和对侧腿部运动区域的神经生理学测试,将FEA中发现的最佳电极蒙太奇与常规蒙太奇(对侧眶上阴极)进行比较。>结果:常规阳极tDCS电极与其他电极蒙太奇相比,使用大阳极(5 cm×7 cm,电流强度2 mA)对腿部运动皮质进行刺激的蒙太奇在FEA和神经生理学测试中对对侧的影响更大。一个小阳极(在0.2 mA时为3.5 cm×1 cm)在电极表面具有相同的电流密度,并且相同的对侧眶上阴极放置位置可以提高特异性。就对右腿运动区的阳极tDCS的特异性而言,小阳极的最佳阴极位置是T7(10–10 EEG系统)。>结论:小阳极(3.5 cm× 1 cm)电极表面的电流密度与大阳极(5 cm×7 cm)相同,导致目标腿部运动皮层表示的皮层兴奋性改变相似。关于其他刺激条件,阴极位于T7的小阳极蒙太奇产生了最佳的特异性。

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