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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>other >Potential of Wheat Straw Spruce Sawdust and Lignin as High Organic Carbon Soil Amendments to Improve Agricultural Nitrogen Retention Capacity: An Incubation Study
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Potential of Wheat Straw Spruce Sawdust and Lignin as High Organic Carbon Soil Amendments to Improve Agricultural Nitrogen Retention Capacity: An Incubation Study

机译：小麦秸秆云杉木屑和木质素作为高有机碳土壤改良剂提高农业固氮能力的潜力：一项孵化研究

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Plants like winter wheat are known for their insufficient N uptake between sowing and the following growing season. Especially after N-rich crops like oilseed rape or field bean, nitrogen retention of the available soil N can be poor, and the risk of contamination of the hydrosphere with nitrate (NO3-) and the atmosphere with nitrous oxide (N2O) is high. Therefore, novel strategies are needed to preserve these unused N resources for subsequent agricultural production. High organic carbon soil amendments (HCA) like wheat straw promote microbial N immobilization by stimulating microbes to take up N from soil. In order to test the suitability of different HCA for immobilization of excess N, we conducted a laboratory incubation experiment with soil columns, each containing 8 kg of sandy loam of an agricultural Ap horizon. We created a scenario with high soil mineral N content by adding 150 kg NH4+-N ha-1 to soil that received either wheat straw, spruce sawdust or lignin at a rate of 4.5 t C ha-1, or no HCA as control. Wheat straw turned out to be suitable for fast immobilization of excess N in the form of microbial biomass N (up to 42 kg N ha-1), followed by sawdust. However, under the experimental conditions this effect weakened over a few weeks, finally ranging between 8 and 15 kg N ha-1 immobilized in microbial biomass in the spruce sawdust and wheat straw treatment, respectively. Pure lignin did not stimulate microbial N immobilization. We also revealed that N immobilization by the remaining straw and sawdust HCA material in the soil had a greater importance for storage of excess N (on average 24 kg N ha-1) than microbial N immobilization over the 4 months. N fertilization and HCA influenced the abundance of ammonia oxidizing bacteria and archaea as the key players for nitrification, as well as the abundance of denitrifiers. Soil with spruce sawdust emitted more N2O compared to soil with wheat straw, which in relation released more CO2, resulting in a comparable overall global warming potential. However, this was counterbalanced by advantages like N immobilization and mitigation of potential NO3- losses.
机译：像冬小麦这样的植物因播种至随后的生长期之间的氮吸收不足而闻名。尤其是在油菜或田豆等富氮作物之后，可用土壤氮的氮保持能力可能很差，硝酸盐（NO3 -）和大气中的氮污染了水圈的风险。氧化物（N2O）高。因此，需要新颖的策略来保存这些未使用的氮资源，用于随后的农业生产。高有机碳土壤改良剂（HCA），例如麦草，通过刺激微生物从土壤吸收N来促进微生物固氮。为了测试不同HCA固定过量N的适用性，我们对土壤柱进行了实验室培养实验，每个土壤柱包含8 kg农业Ap地平线的沙壤土。我们通过向接收小麦秸秆，云杉木屑或木质素的土壤中添加150 kg NH4 + -N ha -1 的土壤来创建高土壤矿质氮含量的方案4.5 t C ha -1 或没有HCA作为对照。事实证明，小麦秸秆适合以微生物生物量氮（最高42 kg N ha -1 ）的形式快速固定过量的N，然后再进行锯末。然而，在实验条件下，这种效果在数周内减弱，最终在云杉木屑和麦秸秆处理中分别固定在微生物生物量中的8至15 kg N ha -1 。纯木质素不会刺激微生物固氮。我们还发现，土壤中剩余的秸秆和锯末HCA物质对氮的固定比4种微生物对氮的固定（平均24 kg N ha -1 ）的存储更为重要。个月。氮肥和HCA影响了氨氧化细菌和古细菌作为硝化的主要参与者的数量，以及反硝化剂的数量。与带有麦秸的土壤相比，带有云杉木屑的土壤释放出更多的N2O，从而释放出更多的CO2，从而具有可比的总体全球变暖潜力。但是，这可以通过固氮和减轻潜在NO3 -损失等优势来抵消。

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