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New Routes and Opportunities for Modular Construction of Particulate Vaccines: Stick Click and Glue

机译:模块化疫苗模块化构建的新途径和机遇:棒状咔嗒声和胶水

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摘要

Vaccines based on virus-like particles (VLPs) can induce potent B cell responses. Some non-chimeric VLP-based vaccines are highly successful licensed products (e.g., hepatitis B surface antigen VLPs as a hepatitis B virus vaccine). Chimeric VLPs are designed to take advantage of the VLP framework by decorating the VLP with a different antigen. Despite decades of effort, there have been few licensed chimeric VLP vaccines. Classic approaches to create chimeric VLPs are either genetic fusion or chemical conjugation, using cross-linkers from lysine on the VLP to cysteine on the antigen. We describe the principles that make these classic approaches challenging, in particular for complex, full-length antigens bearing multiple post-translational modifications. We then review recent advances in conjugation approaches for protein-based non-enveloped VLPs or nanoparticles, to overcome such challenges. This includes the use of strong non-covalent assembly methods (stick), unnatural amino acids for bio-orthogonal chemistry (click), and spontaneous isopeptide bond formation by SpyTag/SpyCatcher (glue). Existing applications of these methods are outlined and we critically consider the key practical issues, with particular insight on Tag/Catcher plug-and-display decoration. Finally, we highlight the potential for modular particle decoration to accelerate vaccine generation and prepare for pandemic threats in human and veterinary realms.
机译:基于病毒样颗粒(VLP)的疫苗可以诱导有效的B细胞反应。某些基于VLP的非嵌合疫苗是获得高度成功许可的产品(例如,乙型肝炎表面抗原VLP作为乙型肝炎病毒疫苗)。嵌合VLP被设计为通过用不同抗原修饰VLP来利用VLP框架。尽管进行了数十年的努力,但几乎没有许可的嵌合VLP疫苗。创建嵌合VLP的经典方法是遗传融合或化学缀合,使用从VLP上的赖氨酸到抗原上的半胱氨酸的交联剂。我们描述了使这些经典方法具有挑战性的原理,特别是对于带有多个翻译后修饰的复杂全长抗原。然后,我们将综述基于蛋白质的非包膜VLP或纳米颗粒的共轭方法的最新进展,以克服此类挑战。这包括使用强力的非共价组装方法(棒),用于生物正交化学的非天然氨基酸(点击)和通过SpyTag / SpyCatcher自发形成异肽键(胶水)。概述了这些方法的现有应用,我们认真地考虑了关键的实际问题,特别是对标签/捕手的即插即用装饰的见解。最后,我们强调了模块化微粒装饰技术的潜力,以加速疫苗的生产并为人类和兽医领域的大流行性威胁做好准备。

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