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Characterization and mechanism of copper biosorption by a highly copper resistant fungal strain isolated from copper-polluted acidic orchard soil

机译：铜污染酸性果园土壤中高抗铜真菌菌株对铜的吸附特性及机理

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In this paper, a fungal strain NT-1, which was screened from orchard soil co-contaminated with acidification and copper, was characterized by morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular biological techniques. Through application of different concentrations of Cu(II), heavy metal stress was exerted on the strain, and the effects on mycelial biomass, colony diameter and mycelial morphology of NT-1 were studied. Additionally, the impact of different pH values, temperatures, initial Cu(II) concentrations and inoculum doses on the adsorption of Cu(II) by NT-1 was explored. The mechanism of Cu(II) adsorption by NT-1 was studied by adsorption thermodynamics and kinetics, as well as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results showed that NT-1 belonged to the genus Gibberella, which exhibited high tolerance to both acidic conditions and Cu(II) contamination in the environment. High concentrations of copper stress inhibited the growth of NT-1 to various degrees, leading to the decreases in mycelial biomass and colony diameter, as well as changes in morphology. Temperature, pH and other factors were shown to significantly affect the efficiency of NT-1 with respect to the removal extent of copper from solution. Under optimal conditions (initial copper concentration: 200 mg L−1, temperature: 28°C, pH: 5.0 and inoculum dose: 10%), the maximum copper removal percentage from solution through culture of strain NT-1 within 5 d reached up to 45.5%. The biosorption of Cu(II) by NT-1 conformed to quasi-second order kinetics and Langmuir isothermal adsorption model and was confirmed to be a monolayer adsorption process dominated by surface adsorption. The binding of NT-1 to Cu(II) was mainly achieved by forming polydentate complexes with carboxylate and amide group through covalent interactions and forming Cu-nitrogen-containing heterocyclic complexes via Cu(II)-π interaction. The results of this study provide a new fungal resource and key parameters influencing growth and copper removal capacity of the strain for developing an effective bioremediation strategy for copper contaminated acidic orchard soils.
机译：本文通过形态，生理，生化和分子生物学技术对一株真菌菌株NT-1进行了筛选，该菌株是从被酸化和铜共同污染的果园土壤中筛选得到的。通过施加不同浓度的Cu（II），菌株受到重金属胁迫，研究了NT-1对菌丝生物量，菌落直径和菌丝形态的影响。此外，探讨了不同pH值，温度，初始Cu（II）浓度和接种剂量对NT-1吸附Cu（II）的影响。通过吸附热力学和动力学以及傅立叶变换红外光谱研究了NT-1对Cu（II）的吸附机理。结果表明，NT-1属于赤霉菌属，对酸性条件和环境中的Cu（II）污染均表现出较高的耐受性。高浓度的铜胁迫在不同程度上抑制了NT-1的生长，导致菌丝体生物量和菌落直径的减少以及形态的变化。对于从溶液中去除铜的程度，温度，pH和其他因素已显示出显着影响NT-1的效率。在最佳条件下（初始铜浓度：200 mg L −1 ，温度：28°C，pH：5.0和接种剂量：10％），通过菌株NT的培养从溶液中去除铜的最大百分比5天内-1达到45.5％。 NT-1对Cu（II）的生物吸附符合准二级动力学和Langmuir等温吸附模型，并被证实是表面吸附为主的单层吸附过程。 NT-1与Cu（II）的结合主要是通过共价相互作用形成具有羧酸根和酰胺基的多齿配合物，以及通过Cu（II）-π相互作用形成含铜氮杂环配合物。这项研究的结果提供了新的真菌资源和影响菌株生长和铜去除能力的关键参数，从而为铜污染的酸性果园土壤开发有效的生物修复策略。

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