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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>other >Measuring ephemeral gully erosion rates and topographical thresholds in an urban watershed using unmanned aerial systems and structure from motion photogrammetric techniques
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Measuring ephemeral gully erosion rates and topographical thresholds in an urban watershed using unmanned aerial systems and structure from motion photogrammetric techniques

机译：使用运动摄影测量技术的无人驾驶航空系统和结构来测量城市流域中的短暂河谷侵蚀率和地形阈值

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Both rural and urban development can lead to accelerated gully erosion. Quantifying gully erosion is challenging in environments where gullies are rapidly repaired, and in urban areas where microtopographic complexity complicates the delineation of contributing areas. This study used unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and Structure-from-Motion (SfM) photogrammetric techniques to quantify gully erosion in the Los Laureles Canyon watershed, a rapidly urbanizing watershed in Tijuana, Mexico. Following a storm event, the gully network extent was mapped using an orthomosaic (0.038 m pixel size); the local slope and watershed area contributing to each gully head were mapped with a Digital Surface Model (0.3 m pixel size). Gullies formed almost exclusively on unpaved roads which had erodible soils and concentrated flow. Management practices (e.g. road maintenance that fill gullies after large storms) contributed to total sediment production at the watershed scale. Sediment production from gully erosion was higher and threshold values of slope and drainage area for gully incision were lower than ephemeral gullies reported for agricultural settings. This indicates high vulnerability of unpaved roads to gully erosion which is consistent with high soil erodibility and low critical shear stress measured in the laboratory with a mini jet-erosion-test device. Future studies that evaluate effects of different soil types on gully erosion rates for unpaved roads, as well as those that model effects of management practices such as road paving and their impact on runoff, soil erosion, and sediment loads are needed to advance sediment management and planning in urban watersheds.
机译：农村和城市发展都可能导致沟壑加速侵蚀。在快速修复沟渠的环境中，以及在城市地区，由于微观地形的复杂性使贡献区域的划分变得复杂，量化沟壑侵蚀具有挑战性。这项研究使用了无人飞行器（UAV）和动态结构（SfM）摄影测量技术来量化Los Tierana墨西哥快速城市化的Los Laureles Canyon流域的沟壑侵蚀。暴风雨事件发生后，使用正交马赛克（0.038 m像素大小）绘制了沟渠网络范围；使用数字表面模型（0.3 m像素大小）映射了影响每个沟渠头的局部坡度和流域面积。沟壑几乎完全在没有侵蚀的土壤和集中流动的未铺砌道路上形成。管理实践（例如大暴风雨后填满沟渠的道路维护）有助于在分水岭规模的总沉积物生产。沟壑侵蚀造成的泥沙产量较高，沟壑切口的坡度和排水面积阈值低于农业环境中的临时沟壑。这表明未铺砌的道路极易遭受沟壑侵蚀，这与在实验室中使用微型喷蚀试验设备测得的高土壤可蚀性和低临界剪切应力相一致。未来的研究需要评估不同土壤类型对未铺砌道路的沟壑侵蚀率的影响，以及对诸如道路铺路及其对径流，土壤侵蚀和沉积物负荷的影响等管理实践的影响进行建模的研究，以促进沉积物的管理和控制。在城市流域进行规划。

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