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Impact of crop residue management on crop production and soil chemistry after seven years of crop rotation in temperate climate loamy soils

机译：温带气候壤土条件下轮作七年后农作物残留管理对农作物产量和土壤化学的影响

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Society is increasingly demanding a more sustainable management of agro-ecosystems in a context of climate change and an ever growing global population. The fate of crop residues is one of the important management aspects under debate, since it represents an unneglectable quantity of organic matter which can be kept in or removed from the agro-ecosystem. The topic of residue management is not new, but the need for global conclusion on the impact of crop residue management on the agro-ecosystem linked to local pedo-climatic conditions has become apparent with an increasing amount of studies showing a diversity of conclusions. This study specifically focusses on temperate climate and loamy soil using a seven-year data set. Between 2008 and 2016, we compared four contrasting residue management strategies differing in the amount of crop residues returned to the soil (incorporation vs. exportation of residues) and in the type of tillage (reduced tillage (10 cm depth) vs. conventional tillage (ploughing at 25 cm depth)) in a field experiment. We assessed the impact of the crop residue management on crop production (three crops—winter wheat, faba bean and maize—cultivated over six cropping seasons), soil organic carbon content, nitrate (NO3−), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) soil content and uptake by the crops. The main differences came primarily from the tillage practice and less from the restitution or removal of residues. All years and crops combined, conventional tillage resulted in a yield advantage of 3.4% as compared to reduced tillage, which can be partly explained by a lower germination rate observed under reduced tillage, especially during drier years. On average, only small differences were observed for total organic carbon (TOC) content of the soil, but reduced tillage resulted in a very clear stratification of TOC and also of P and K content as compared to conventional tillage. We observed no effect of residue management on the NO3− content, since the effect of fertilization dominated the effect of residue management. To confirm the results and enhance early tendencies, we believe that the experiment should be followed up in the future to observe whether more consistent changes in the whole agro-ecosystem functioning are present on the long term when managing residues with contrasted strategies.
机译：社会日益要求在气候变化和全球人口不断增长的情况下对农业生态系统进行更可持续的管理。作物残渣的命运是争论中的重要管理方面之一，因为它代表了可以被保留在农业生态系统中或从农业生态系统中去除的不可忽视的有机物质。残留物管理的话题并不是什么新鲜事物，但是关于作物残留物管理对与当地人为气候条件相关的农业生态系统影响的全球结论的需求已经变得显而易见，越来越多的研究显示出各种各样的结论。这项研究使用7年的数据集专门针对温带气候和壤土。在2008年至2016年之间，我们比较了四种不同的残留管理策略，不同的策略是返回土壤的农作物残留量（掺入量与残留量的出口）和耕种类型（减少耕作（10厘米深度）与常规耕作（在25厘米深处耕作））。我们评估了作物残渣管理对作物生产（三种作物-冬小麦，蚕豆和玉米-在六个种植季节种植的作物），土壤有机碳含量，硝酸盐（ 否 < mrow> 3 − ），磷（P）和钾（K）的土壤含量和被农作物吸收。主要区别主要来自耕作实践，而较少来自归还或清除残留物。与减少的耕作相比，所有年份和农作物的结合使用，传统的耕作带来了3.4％的增产优势，这在一定程度上可以解释为减少耕作（尤其是在干旱年份）下发芽率降低。平均而言，土壤中的总有机碳（TOC）含量仅观察到很小的差异，但与传统耕作相比，耕作减少导致TOC以及P和K含量的分层非常明显。我们没有观察到残留管理对 的影响 否 3 − 含量，因为施肥的效果主导了残留物管理的效果。为了确认结果并增强早期趋势，我们认为将来应跟进该实验，以观察长期采用对比策略处理残留物时，整个农业生态系统功能是否存在更一致的变化。

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