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Evidence-based economic analysis demonstrates that ecosystem service benefits of water hyacinth management greatly exceed research and control costs

机译:基于证据的经济分析表明风信子管理的生态系统服务效益大大超过了研究和控制成本

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摘要

Invasive species management can be a victim of its own success when decades of effective control cause memories of past harm to fade and raise questions of whether programs should continue. Economic analysis can be used to assess the efficiency of investing in invasive species control by comparing ecosystem service benefits to program costs, but only if appropriate data exist. We used a case study of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms), a nuisance floating aquatic plant, in Louisiana to demonstrate how comprehensive record-keeping supports economic analysis. Using long-term data sets, we developed empirical and spatio-temporal simulation models of intermediate complexity to project invasive species growth for control and no-control scenarios. For Louisiana, we estimated that peak plant cover would be 76% higher without the substantial growth rate suppression (84% reduction) that appeared due primarily to biological control agents. Our economic analysis revealed that combined biological and herbicide control programs, monitored over an unusually long time period (1975–2013), generated a benefit-cost ratio of about 34:1 derived from the relatively modest costs of $124 million ($2013) compared to the $4.2 billion ($2013) in benefits to anglers, waterfowl hunters, boating-dependent businesses, and water treatment facilities over the 38-year analysis period. This work adds to the literature by: (1) providing evidence of the effectiveness of water hyacinth biological control; (2) demonstrating use of parsimonious spatio-temporal models to estimate benefits of invasive species control; and (3) incorporating activity substitution into economic benefit transfer to avoid overstating benefits. Our study suggests that robust and cost-effective economic analysis is enabled by good record keeping and generalizable models that can demonstrate management effectiveness and promote social efficiency of invasive species control.
机译:当几十年来的有效控制导致过去危害的记忆消失,并引发有关是否应继续实施计划的问题时,入侵物种管理可能成为其自身成功的受害者。通过将生态系统服务收益与计划成本进行比较,经济分析可用于评估对入侵物种控制的投资效率,但前提是存在适当的数据。我们在路易斯安那州以水葫芦(Eichhornia crassipes(Mart。)Solms)(一种令人讨厌的漂浮水生植物)为例进行了研究,以证明综合记录保存如何支持经济分析。使用长期数据集,我们开发了中度复杂性的经验和时空模拟模型,以预测控制和无控制情况下的入侵物种生长。对于路易斯安那州,我们估计,如果没有主要由于生物防治剂而导致的显着增长率抑制(降低84%),植物的峰值覆盖率将提高76%。我们的经济分析表明,在异常长的时期内(1975-2013年)对生物和除草剂控制计划进行了综合监控,由于成本相对较低,仅为1.24亿美元(2013年),因此成本效益比约为34:1。在38年的分析期内,为钓鱼者,水禽猎人,依赖划船的企业和水处理设施提供了42亿美元(2013年)的收益。这项工作通过以下方式为文献增色:(1)提供水葫芦生物防治有效性的证据; (2)证明使用简约的时空模型来估计入侵物种控制的效益; (3)将活动替代纳入经济利益转移,避免夸大利益。我们的研究表明,良好的记录保持和可推广的模型可以实现健壮且具有成本效益的经济分析,这些模型可以证明管理有效性并促进入侵物种控制的社会效率。

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