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Geographical and Cultivar Features Differentiate Grape Microbiota in Northern Italy and Spain Vineyards

机译：地理和栽培品种在意大利北部和西班牙葡萄园具有独特的葡萄菌群

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Recent studies have highlighted the role of the grapevine microbiome in addressing a wide panel of features, ranging from the signature of field origin to wine quality. Although the influence of cultivar and vineyard environmental conditions in shaping the grape microbiome have already been ascertained, several aspects related to this topic, deserve to be further investigated. In this study, we selected three international diffused grapevine cultivars (Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, and Sauvignon Blanc) at three germplasm collections characterized by different climatic conditions [Northern Italy (NI), Italian Alps (AI), and Northern Spain (NS)]. The soil and grape microbiome was characterized by 16s rRNA High Throughput Sequencing (HTS), and the obtained results showed that all grape samples shared some bacterial taxa, regardless of sampling locality (e.g., Bacillus, Methylobacterium, Sphingomonas, and other genera belonging to Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Actinobacteria). However, some Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) could act as geographical signatures and in some cases as cultivar fingerprint. Concerning the origin of the grape microbiome, our study confirms that vineyard soil represents a primary reservoir for grape associated bacteria with almost 60% of genera shared between the soil and grape. At each locality, grapevine cultivars shared a core of bacterial genera belonging to the vineyard soil, as well as from other local biodiversity elements such as arthropods inhabiting or foraging in the vineyard. Finally, a machine learning analysis showed that it was possible to predict the geographical origin and cultivar of grape starting from its microbiome composition with a high accuracy (9 cases out of 12 tested samples). Overall, these findings open new perspectives for the development of more comprehensive and integrated research activities to test which environmental variables have an effective role in shaping the microbiome composition and dynamics of cultivated species over time and space.
机译：最近的研究强调了葡萄微生物组在解决从田野特征到葡萄酒质量的广泛特征方面的作用。尽管已经确定了栽培品种和葡萄园环境条件对葡萄微生物组形成的影响，但与该主题有关的几个方面仍有待进一步研究。在这项研究中，我们选择了三个国际扩散的葡萄品种（Cabernet Sauvignon，Syrah和Sauvignon Blanc），它们具有三个具有不同气候条件的种质集合[意大利北部（NI），意大利阿尔卑斯山（AI）和西班牙北部（NS）] 。土壤和葡萄微生物组通过16s rRNA高通量测序（HTS）进行表征，所得结果表明，所有葡萄样品均具有一些细菌类群，而与采样地点无关（例如，芽孢杆菌，甲基杆菌，鞘氨醇单胞菌和其他属于Alphaproteobacteria的属，丙种变形杆菌和放线菌）。但是，某些操作分类单位（OTU）可以充当地理标志，在某些情况下可以充当品种指纹。关于葡萄微生物组的起源，我们的研究证实，葡萄园土壤是葡萄相关细菌的主要贮藏库，土壤与葡萄共有近60％的属。在每个地方，葡萄品种共享一个属于葡萄园土壤的细菌属核心，以及来自其他本地生物多样性元素（如节肢动物在葡萄园中居住或觅食）的核心。最后，机器学习分析表明，可以从葡萄的微生物组组成高精度地预测葡萄的地理起源和品种（12个测试样品中有9例）。总体而言，这些发现为开展更全面和综合的研究活动以检验哪些环境变量在塑造微生物组组成和栽培物种随时间和空间的动态变化方面具有有效作用开辟了新的视野。

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