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Basic Color Terms (BCTs) and Categories (BCCs) in Three Dialects of the Spanish Language: Interaction Between Cultural and Universal Factors

机译：三种西班牙语方言中的基本颜色术语（BCT）和类别（BCC）：文化因素与普遍因素之间的相互作用

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Two experiments were performed to identify and compare the Basic Color Terms (BCTs) and the Basic Color Categories (BCCs) included in three dialects (Castilian, Mexican, and Uruguayan) of the Spanish language. Monolexemic Elicited lists were used in the first experiment to identify the BCTs of each dialect. Eleven BCTs appeared for the Spanish and the Mexican, and twelve did so for the Uruguayan. The six primary BCTs (rojo “red,” verde “green,” amarillo “yellow,” azul “blue,” negro “black,” and blanco “white”) appeared in the three dialects. This occurred for only three derived BCTs (gris “gray,” naranja “orange,” and rosa “pink”) but not for the other five derived BCTs (celeste “sky blue,” marrón “brown,” café “brown,” morado “purple,” and violeta “purple”). Color transitions were used in the second experiment for two different tasks. Extremes naming task was used to determine the relation between two different dialects' BCTs: equality, equivalence or difference. The results provided the first evidence for marrón “brown” and café “brown” being equivalent terms for the same BCC (brown in English) as is the case of morado “purple” and violeta “purple.” Uruguayan celeste “sky blue” had no equivalent BCT in the other two dialects. Boundary delimitation task required the selection of the color in the boundary between two categories. The task was used to reasonably estimate the volume occupied by each BCC in the color space considering its chromatic area and lightness range. Excluding sky blue (celeste “sky blue”) and blue (azul “blue”), the other BCCs color volumes were similar across the three dialects. Uruguayan sky blue and blue volumes conjointly occupied the portion of the color space corresponding to the Castilian and Mexican blue BCC. The fact that the BCT celeste “sky blue” only appeared in Uruguayan very probably derived from specific cultural factors (the use of the color in the flags and the arrival of an important number of Italian immigrants). Nevertheless, these cultural factors seem to nurture from a perceptive structuring of the color space, which nature is universal, as the boundaries of this category can be delimited from the responses of Spanish and Mexican participants.
机译：进行了两个实验，以识别和比较西班牙语的三种方言（卡斯蒂利亚，墨西哥和乌拉圭）中包含的基本颜色术语（BCT）和基本颜色类别（BCC）。在第一个实验中使用Monoleexemic Elicited列表来识别每种方言的BCT。西班牙和墨西哥出现了11个BCT，乌拉圭出现了12个。三个方言中出现了六个主要BCT（rojo“红色”，verde“绿色”，amarillo“黄色”，azul“蓝色”，黑人“ black”和blanco“ white”）。仅发生了三个衍生的BCT（gris“灰色”，naranja“橙色”和罗莎“粉红色”），而其他五个衍生的BCT（celeste“天蓝色”，marrón“棕色”，cafe“棕色”，morado）没有发生“紫色”和紫罗兰色“紫色”）。在第二个实验中，颜色过渡用于两个不同的任务。极端命名任务用于确定两种不同方言的BCT之间的关系：相等，等价或不同。结果提供了第一个证据，证明marrón“棕色”和café“棕色”是与 morado “ purple”和 violeta < / em>“紫色”。乌拉圭 celeste “天蓝色”在其他两个方言中没有等效的BCT。边界定界任务要求在两个类别之间的边界中选择颜色。考虑到每个BCC的色域和亮度范围，该任务用于合理估计每个BCC在色空间中所占的体积。除天蓝色（ celeste “天蓝色”）和蓝色（ azul “蓝色”）外，其他三种BCC的颜色量在三个方言中均相似。乌拉圭的天蓝色和蓝色体积共同占据了与卡斯蒂利亚和墨西哥蓝BCC相对应的色彩空间部分。 BCT“天青星”“天蓝色”仅出现在乌拉圭这一事实很可能源于特定的文化因素（旗帜上颜色的使用以及大量意大利移民的到来）。但是，这些文化因素似乎是从色彩空间的一种感知结构中滋生出来的，这种色彩结构具有普遍性，因为该类别的界限可以与西班牙和墨西哥参与者的回答区分开。

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