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Diel hysteresis between soil respiration and soil temperature in a biological soil crust covered desert ecosystem

机译：土壤生物覆盖的沙漠生态系统中土壤呼吸与土壤温度之间的Diel滞后

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Soil respiration induced by biological soil crusts (BSCs) is an important process in the carbon (C) cycle in arid and semi-arid ecosystems, where vascular plants are restricted by the harsh environment, particularly the limited soil moisture. However, the interaction between temperature and soil respiration remains uncertain because of the number of factors that control soil respiration, including temperature and soil moisture, especially in BSC-dominated areas. In this study, the soil respiration in moss-dominated crusts and lichen-dominated crusts was continuously measured using an automated soil respiration system over a one-year period from November 2015 to October 2016 in the Shapotou region of the Tengger Desert, northern China. The results indicated that over daily cycles, the half-hourly soil respiration rates in both types of BSC-covered areas were commonly related to the soil temperature. The observed diel hysteresis between the half-hourly soil respiration rates and soil temperature in the BSC-covered areas was limited by nonlinearity loops with semielliptical shapes, and soil temperature often peaked later than the half-hourly soil respiration rates in the BSC-covered areas. The average lag times between the half-hourly soil respiration rates and soil temperature for both types of BSC-covered areas were two hours over the diel cycles, and they were negatively and linearly related to the volumetric soil water content. Our results highlight the diel hysteresis phenomenon that occurs between soil respiration rates and soil temperatures in BSC-covered areas and the negative response of this phenomenon to soil moisture, which may influence total C budget evaluations. Therefore, the interactive effects of soil temperature and moisture on soil respiration in BSC-covered areas should be considered in global carbon cycle models of desert ecosystems.
机译：在干旱和半干旱的生态系统中，由生物土壤结皮（BSC）引起的土壤呼吸是碳（C）循环中的重要过程，在该生态系统中，维管束植物受到恶劣环境的限制，特别是有限的土壤水分。然而，由于控制土壤呼吸的因素很多，包括温度和土壤湿度，温度和土壤呼吸之间的相互作用仍然不确定，尤其是在BSC占主导的地区。在这项研究中，从2015年11月到2016年10月的一年中，在中国北方腾格里沙漠的沙坡头地区，使用自动化土壤呼吸系统连续测量了苔藓为主的地壳和地衣为主的地壳中的土壤呼吸。结果表明，在每天的周期中，两种BSC覆盖区域的半小时土壤呼吸速率通常与土壤温度有关。在BSC覆盖地区，半小时土壤呼吸速率和土壤温度之间观察到的diel滞后性受到半椭圆形非线性环的限制，并且土壤温度通常比BSC覆盖地区的半小时土壤呼吸速率达到峰值。 。两种BSC覆盖区域的半小时土壤呼吸速率和土壤温度之间的平均滞后时间在diel周期中为两个小时，并且与土壤体积水含量呈负线性相关。我们的结果突出了BSC覆盖地区土壤呼吸速率和土壤温度之间发生的diel滞后现象，以及该现象对土壤水分的负面响应，这可能会影响总C预算评估。因此，在沙漠生态系统的全球碳循环模型中，应考虑土壤温度和水分对BSC覆盖地区土壤呼吸的相互作用。

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