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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>other >Growth and development of skeletal anomalies in diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed phosphorus-rich diets with fish meal and hydrolyzed fish protein
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Growth and development of skeletal anomalies in diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed phosphorus-rich diets with fish meal and hydrolyzed fish protein

机译：以鱼粉和水解鱼蛋白为食的富含磷饮食的二倍体和三倍体大西洋鲑（Salmo salar）骨骼异常的生长和发育

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Diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar were fed high-protein, phosphorus-rich diets (56–60% protein; ca 18g phosphorus kg-1 diet) whilst being reared at low temperature from start-feeding until parr-smolt transformation. Performances of salmon fed diets based on fish meal (STD) or a mix of fishmeal and hydrolysed fish proteins (HFM) as the major protein sources were compared in terms of mortality, diet digestibility, growth and skeletal deformities. Separate groups of diploids and triploids were reared in triplicate tanks (initially 3000 fish per tank; tank biomass ca. 620 g) from 0–2745 degree-days post-start feeding (ddPSF). Growth metrics (weight, length, condition factor) were recorded at ca. 4 week intervals, external signs of deformities to the operculum, jaws and spinal column were examined in parr sampled at 1390 ddPSF, and external signs of deformity and vertebral anomalies (by radiography) were examined in fish sampled at the end of the trial (2745 ddPSF). The triploid salmon generally had a lower mass per unit length, i.e. lower condition factor, throughout the trial, but this did not seem to reflect any consistent dietary or ploidy effects on either dietary digestibility or the growth of the fish. By the end of the trial fish in all treatment groups had achieved a weight of 50+ g, and had completed the parr-smolt transformation. The triploids had slightly, but significantly, fewer vertebrae (Triploids STD 58.74 ± 0.10; HFM 58.68 ± 0.05) than the diploids (Diploids STD 58.97 ± 0.14; HFM 58.89 ± 0.01), and the incidence of skeletal (vertebral) abnormalities was higher in triploids (Triploids STD 31 ± 0.90%; HFM 15 ± 1.44%) than in diploids (Diploids STD 4 ± 0.80%; HFM 4 ± 0.83%). The HFM diet gave a significant reduction in the numbers of triploid salmon with vertebral anomalies in comparison with the triploids fed the STD diet possibly as a result of differences in phosphorus bioavailability between the two diets. Overall, the incidence of skeletal deformities was lower than reported in previous studies (Diploids 20+%, Triploids 40+%), possibly as a result of the combination of rearing at low-temperature and phosphorus-rich diets being used in the present study.
机译：二倍体和三倍体大西洋鲑，鲑鱼都喂高蛋白，富含磷的日粮（56-60％的蛋白质；约18g磷kg -1 日粮），同时从开始喂养开始低温饲养直到parr-smolt转化。比较了以鱼粉（STD）或鱼粉和水解鱼蛋白（HFM）为主要蛋白来源的鲑鱼饲喂日粮在死亡率，日粮消化率，生长和骨骼畸形方面的表现。在开始饲喂（ddPSF）后的0–2745度日，将三倍体和三倍体分开的组在三个重复的鱼缸中饲养（最初每个鱼缸3000条鱼；鱼缸生物量约620 g）。生长指标（体重，长度，条件因子）记录在约。每隔4周，在1390 ddPSF采样的parr中检查眼睑，颌骨和脊柱畸形的外部体征，并在试验结束时（2745）在采样的鱼体中检查畸形和椎骨异常的外部体征（通过射线照相） ddPSF）。在整个试验中，三倍体鲑鱼的单位长度质量通常较低，即条件因子较低，但这似乎并未反映出对饮食消化率或鱼的生长有任何一致的饮食或倍性作用。到试验结束时，所有处理组中的鱼体重均达到50+ g，并完成了parr-smolt转化。三倍体的椎骨（三倍体STD 58.74±0.10; HFM 58.68±0.05）比二倍体（Diploids STD 58.97±0.14; HFM 58.89±0.01）略少但明显少，并且骨骼（椎骨）异常的发生率更高。三倍体（三倍体STD 31±0.90％; HFM 15±1.44％）比二倍体（二倍体STD 4±0.80％; HFM 4±0.83％）。与饲喂STD日粮的三倍体相比，HFM日粮显着减少了三倍体鲑鱼的椎骨异常，这可能是由于两种日粮中磷的生物利用度不同所致。总体而言，骨骼畸形的发生率低于以前的研究报告（二倍体20％，三倍体40 +％），这可能是由于本研究采用低温饲养和富含磷的饮食相结合的结果。

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