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Development and validation of a weather-based warning system to advise fungicide applications to control dollar spot on turfgrass

机译：开发和验证基于天气的预警系统以建议杀真菌剂应用控制草皮草上的美元现货

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Dollar spot is one of the most common diseases of golf course turfgrass and numerous fungicide applications are often required to provide adequate control. Weather-based disease warning systems have been developed to more accurately time fungicide applications; however, they tend to be ineffective and are not currently in widespread use. The primary objective of this research was to develop a new weather-based disease warning system to more accurately advise fungicide applications to control dollar spot activity across a broad geographic and climactic range. The new dollar spot warning system was developed from data collected at field sites in Madison, WI and Stillwater, OK in 2008 and warning system validation sites were established in Madison, WI, Stillwater, OK, Knoxville, TN, State College, PA, Starkville, MS, and Storrs, CT between 2011 and 2016. A meta-analysis of all site-years was conducted and the most effective warning system for dollar spot development consisted of a five-day moving average of relative humidity and average daily temperature. Using this model the highest effective probability that provided dollar spot control similar to that of a calendar-based program across the numerous sites and years was 20%. Additional analysis found that the 20% spray threshold provided comparable control to the calendar-based program while reducing fungicide usage by up to 30%, though further refinement may be needed as practitioners implement this warning system in a range of environments not tested here. The weather-based dollar spot warning system presented here will likely become an important tool for implementing precision disease management strategies for future turfgrass managers, especially as financial and regulatory pressures increase the need to reduce pesticide usage on golf course turfgrass.
机译：美元斑是高尔夫球场草皮草最常见的疾病之一，通常需要大量杀真菌剂才能提供足够的控制。已经开发了基于天气的疾病预警系统，以更准确地计时杀菌剂的使用；但是，它们往往无效，目前尚未广泛使用。这项研究的主要目的是开发一种新的基于天气的疾病预警系统，以更准确地为杀菌剂的使用提供建议，以在广泛的地理和气候范围内控制美元现货交易。新的美元点预警系统是根据2008年在威斯康星州麦迪逊市和俄克拉荷马州斯蒂尔沃特市的现场数据开发的，在威斯康星州麦迪逊市，斯蒂尔沃特市，俄克拉何马州，田纳西州诺克斯维尔，宾夕法尼亚州州立大学，斯塔克维尔市建立了预警系统验证站点，MS和Storrs，CT在2011年至2016年之间进行。对所有站点年份进行了荟萃分析，最有效的美元现货预警系统包括相对湿度和日平均温度的5天移动平均值。使用此模型，在多个站点和多年中提供与基于日历的程序类似的美元即期控制的最高有效概率为20％。进一步的分析发现，20％的喷雾阈值可提供与基于日历的程序相当的控制，同时最多可将杀菌剂的使用减少30％，尽管从业人员在此处未测试的环境中实施此警告系统可能需要进一步改进。此处介绍的基于天气的美元斑点预警系统可能会成为为未来草皮管理者实施精确疾病管理策略的重要工具，尤其是在财务和监管压力增加减少高尔夫球场草皮使用农药的需求的情况下。

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