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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>other >Imidacloprid soil movement under micro-sprinkler irrigation and soil-drench applications to control Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) and citrus leafminer (CLM)
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Imidacloprid soil movement under micro-sprinkler irrigation and soil-drench applications to control Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) and citrus leafminer (CLM)

机译：在微喷灌和应用土壤灌溉下的吡虫啉土壤运动以控制亚洲柑橘木虱（ACP）和柑桔切叶机（CLM）

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Imidacloprid (IM) is used to control the Asian Citrus Psyllid (ACP) and citrus leafminer (CLM), which are related to the spread of huanglongbing (HLB or citrus greening) and citrus canker diseases, respectively. In Florida citrus, imidacloprid is mainly soil-drenched around the trees for proper root uptake and translocation into plant canopy to impact ACP and CLM. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of imidacloprid rate, and irrigate amount on concentration of imidacloprid in the soil following drench application to citrus trees in three age classes. The plots were established at the Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, Immokalee, using a randomized complete-block design for three age classes of trees: one-year-old trees (B1), three to five-year-old trees (B2), and eight-year-old trees (B3). The treatments were a combination of two rates each of imidacloprid (1D, 2D) and micro-sprinkling irrigation (1I, 2I). Imidacloprid and bromide (Br-) used as tracer were applied simultaneously. Soil moisture and concentrations of imidacloprid and Br were monitored using soil cores from hand held augers. Soil moisture content (θV) did not differ under two irrigation rates at any given observation day or depth, except following heavy rainfall events. Br- was lost from the observation depths (0–45 cm) about two weeks after soil-drench. Contrarily, imidacloprid persisted for a much longer time (4–8 weeks) at all soil depths, regardless of treatment combinations. The higher retardation of imidacloprid was related to the predominantly unsaturated conditions of the soil (which in turn reduced soil hydraulic conductivities by orders of magnitude), the imidacloprid sorption on soil organic matter, and the citrus root uptake.Findings of this study are important for citrus growers coping with the citrus greening and citrus canker diseases because they suggest that imidacloprid soil drenches can still be an effective control measure of ACP and CLM, and the potential for imidacloprid leaching to groundwater is minimal.
机译：吡虫啉（IM）用于控制亚洲柑橘木虱（ACP）和柑橘类min虫（CLM），它们分别与黄龙病（HLB或柑橘绿化）和柑橘溃疡病的传播有关。在佛罗里达州的柑橘中，吡虫啉主要在树上浸水，以适当吸收根并转移到植物冠层中，从而影响ACP和CLM。这项研究的目的是确定吡虫啉的施用率和灌溉量对三个年龄等级的柑桔树淋湿后土壤中吡虫啉浓度的影响。该地块是在Immokalee的西南佛罗里达研究和教育中心建立的，采用了随机完整块设计，用于三种年龄等级的树木：一岁树（B1），三到五年树（B2） ，以及八岁的树木（B3）。处理是吡虫啉（1D，2D）和微喷灌（1I，2I）两种速率的组合。同时使用吡虫啉和溴化物（Br -）作为示踪剂。使用手持式螺旋钻的土壤芯监测土壤湿度和吡虫啉和溴的浓度。在任何给定的观测日或深度下，两种灌溉速率下的土壤含水量（θV）均无差异，除非发生暴雨事件。土壤淋水后约两周，Br -从观测深度（0–45 cm）丢失。相反，吡虫啉在所有土壤深度下都可以持续更长的时间（4-8周），而与治疗组合无关。吡虫啉的较高阻滞作用与土壤的主要不饱和条件有关（这反过来将土壤水导率降低了几个数量级），吡虫啉在土壤有机质上的吸附以及柑橘根的吸收。柑桔种植者应对柑桔绿化和柑桔溃疡病，因为他们认为吡虫啉土壤浸水仍然可以作为ACP和CLM的有效控制措施，吡虫啉浸出地下水的可能性很小。

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