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A multi-criteria decision analysis of management alternatives for anaerobically digested kraft pulp mill sludge

机译：厌氧消化牛皮纸制浆厂污泥管理替代方案的多标准决策分析

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The Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) procedure was used to compare waste management options for kraft pulp mill sludge following its anaerobic digestion. Anaerobic digestion of sludge is advantageous because it produces biogas that may be used to generate electricity, heat and biofuels. However, adequate management of the digested sludge is essential. Landfill disposal is a non-sustainable waste management alternative. Kraft pulp mill digested sludge applied to land may pose risks to the environment and public health if the sludge has not been properly treated. This study is aimed to compare several recycling alternatives for anaerobically digested sludge from kraft pulp mills: land application, landfill disposal, composting, incineration, pyrolysis/gasification, and biofuel production by algae. The MCDA procedure considered nine criteria into three domains to compare digested sludge recycling alternatives in a kraft pulp mill: environmental (CO2 emission, exposure to pathogens, risk of pollution, material and energy recovery), economic (overall costs, value of products) and technical (maintenance and operation, feasibility of implementation). The most suitable management options for digested sludge from kraft pulp mills were found to be composting and incineration (when the latter was coupled with recycling ash to the cement industry). Landfill disposal was the worst option, presenting low performance in feasibility of implementation, risk of pollution, material and energy recovery.
机译：多标准决策分析（MCDA）程序用于比较牛皮纸制浆厂污泥厌氧消化后的废物管理选项。污泥的厌氧消化是有利的，因为它会产生沼气，可用于发电，产生热量和产生生物燃料。但是，对消化的污泥进行适当的管理是必不可少的。垃圾掩埋处置是一种不可持续的废物管理选择。如果未对污泥进行适当处理，则牛皮纸制浆厂消化到的污泥可能会对环境和公共健康构成威胁。这项研究旨在比较牛皮纸制浆厂厌氧消化污泥的几种回收替代方法：土地施用，垃圾填埋处理，堆肥，焚烧，热解/气化以及藻类生产生物燃料。 MCDA程序将9个标准分为三个领域，以比较牛皮纸制浆厂中消化后的污泥回收替代品：环境（CO2排放，暴露于病原体，污染风险，材料和能量回收），经济（总成本，产品价值）和技术（维护和操作，实施的可行性）。发现牛皮纸制浆厂消化的污泥最合适的管理方法是堆肥和焚化（当后者与灰渣循环再用于水泥工业时）。垃圾掩埋是最糟糕的选择，在实施的可行性，污染风险，材料和能源回收方面表现不佳。

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