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Effect of heat treatment on the microstructural evolution of a nickel-based superalloy additive-manufactured by laser powder bed fusion

机译：热处理对激光粉末床熔合制备的镍基高温合金组织演变的影响

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摘要

Elemental segregation is a ubiquitous phenomenon in additive-manufactured (AM) parts due to solute rejection and redistribution during the solidification process. Using electron microscopy, in situ synchrotron X-ray scattering and diffraction, and thermodynamic modeling, we reveal that in an AM nickel-based superalloy, Inconel 625, stress-relief heat treatment leads to the growth of unwanted δ-phase precipitates on a time scale much faster than that in wrought alloys (minutes versus tens to hundreds of hours). The root cause for this behavior is the elemental segregation that results in local compositions of AM alloys outside the bounds of the allowable range set for wrought alloys. In situ small angle scattering experiments reveal that platelet-shaped δ phase precipitates grow continuously and preferentially along their lateral dimensions during stress-relief heat treatment, while the thickness dimension reaches a plateau very quickly. In situ XRD experiments reveal that nucleation and growth of δ-phase precipitates occur within 5 min during stress-relief heat treatment, indicating a low nucleation barrier and a short incubation time. An activation energy for the growth of δ phase was found to be (131.04 ± 0.69) kJ mol−1. We further demonstrate that a subsequent homogenization heat treatment can effectively homogenize the AM alloy and remove the deleterious δ phase. The combined experimental and modeling methodology in this work can be extended to elucidate the phase evolution during heat treatments in a broad range of AM materials.
机译：元素偏析是增材制造（AM）零件中普遍存在的现象，这是由于凝固过程中的溶质排斥和重新分布所致。使用电子显微镜，原位同步加速器X射线散射和衍射以及热力学模型，我们发现在AM镍基超合金Inconel 625中，消除应力热处理会导致一次产生不需要的δ相沉淀物缩放比变形合金快得多（几分钟相对于几十到数百小时）。此行为的根本原因是元素偏析，导致AM合金的局部成分超出了可锻合金允许范围的范围。原位小角度散射实验表明，在应力消除热处理过程中，血小板形δ相沉淀物连续且优先沿其横向尺寸生长，而厚度尺寸很快达到平稳状态。原位X射线衍射实验表明，在应力消除热处理过程中，在5分钟内发生了δ相沉淀物的形核和生长，这表明形核屏障低且孵育时间短。发现δ相生长的活化能为（131.04±0.69）kJ mol -1 。我们进一步证明，随后的均质热处理可以有效地使AM合金均质并去除有害的δ相。可以扩展这项工作中的组合实验和建模方法，以阐明各种AM材料在热处理过程中的相变。

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