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Elite Athletes’ In-event Competitive Anxiety Responses and Psychological Skills Usage under Differing Conditions

机译：不同条件下优秀运动员的项目间竞争焦虑反应和心理技能运用

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>Background and Purpose: Even though the assessment of competitive anxiety responses (intensity, interpretation, and frequency) using the time-to-event paradigm has gained much attention, literature on the account of these same experiences in-event and their corresponding psychological skills adopted under differing conditions is limited. This is a follow up investigation to establish the extent to which associated anxiety responses are stable or dynamic and whether this pattern could be related to reported psychological skills under low or high stressful conditions across gender.>Methods: Twenty-three high level (N = 13 males and 10 females) Ghanaian Table Tennis players provided data through completion of modified versions of Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2, incorporated with directional and frequency of intrusion scales and the Test of Performance Strategies inventory during breaks within competitive fixtures.>Results: MANCOVAs (gender × stress condition) with follow-up analyses revealed no significant interactions and no main effect for gender but significant main effects were realized for all anxiety dimensions and psychological skills for only the second factor. Specifically, the intensity and frequency of cognitive and somatic state anxiety symptoms increased and were interpreted as debilitative under the high stress condition, although self-confidence and other array of psychological skills were highly displayed under the same stressful condition.>Conclusion: Findings highlight the dynamic characteristics of in-event associated anxiety responses and ineffectiveness of deployed psychological skills regardless of gender. These perhaps show the exceptionality of affective experiences in an African setting, suggesting a culturally diversified approach to psychological skills application, if desirable effects are to be attained.
机译：>背景和目的：尽管使用事件发生时间范式评估竞争性焦虑反应（强度，解释和频率）已经引起了广泛关注，但基于这些相同经验的文献却在-在不同条件下所发生的事件及其相应的心理技能是有限的。这是一项后续调查，目的是确定相关的焦虑反应在多大程度上稳定或动态，以及该模式是否与所报告的在低或高压力下跨性别的心理技能有关。>方法：三个高水平（N = 13男10女）加纳乒乓球运动员提供了完整的《竞争状态焦虑量表》（Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2）的修订版数据，并结合了入侵量表的方向和频率以及在比赛中休息期间的绩效策略测试>结果：进行随访分析的MANCOVA（性别×压力状态）显示没有明显的相互作用且对性别没有主要影响，但仅第二个方面，所有焦虑维度和心理技能都实现了重大影响因子。具体来说，尽管在相同的压力条件下，人们的自信心和其他各种心理技能都得到了高度的重视，但在高压力条件下，认知和躯体状态焦虑症状的强度和频率却增加了，并被解释为使人衰弱。>结论：< / strong>调查结果突出显示了事件相关的焦虑反应的动态特征以及所部署的心理技能（不论性别）的无效性。这些也许表明在非洲环境中情感体验的特殊性，表明如果要获得理想的效果，则应采用文化上多样化的心理技能应用方法。

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