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High-resolution mass spectrometry of skin mucus for monitoring physiological impacts and contaminant biotransformation products in fathead minnows exposed to wastewater effluent

机译:皮肤黏液的高分辨率质谱法用于监测暴露于废水的黑头fat鱼的生理影响和污染物生物转化产物

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摘要

High-resolution mass spectrometry is advantageous for monitoring physiological impacts and contaminant biotransformation products in fish exposed to complex wastewater effluent. We evaluated this technique using skin mucus from male and female fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) exposed to control water or treated wastewater effluent at 5, 20, and 100% levels for 21 d, using an on-site, flow-through system providing real-time exposure. Both sex-specific and non-sex–specific responses were observed in the mucus metabolome, the latter suggesting the induction of general compensatory pathways for xenobiotic exposures. Altogether, 85 statistically significant treatment-dependent metabolite changes were observed out of the 310 total endogenous metabolites that were detected (156 of the 310 were annotated). Partial least squares-regression models revealed strong covariances between the mucus metabolomes and up-regulated hepatic messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) transcripts reported previously for these same fish. These regression models suggest that mucus metabolomic changes reflected, in part, processes by which the fish biotransformed xenobiotics in the effluent. In keeping with this observation, we detected a phase II transformation product of bisphenol A in the skin mucus of male fish. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the utility of mucus as a minimally invasive matrix for simultaneously assessing exposures and effects of environmentally relevant mixtures of contaminants.
机译:高分辨率质谱法有利于监测暴露于复杂废水中的鱼类的生理影响和污染物生物转化产物。我们使用现场流通系统提供了真实的评估结果,该技术使用了暴露于控制水或处理过的废水的雄性和雌性黑头小now鱼(Pimephales promelas)的粘液,其浓度分别为5、20和100%,持续21 d。时间曝光。在黏液代谢组中观察到了性别特异性反应和非性别特异性反应,后者提示了异种生物暴露的一般补偿途径的诱导。在检测到的310种总内源性代谢物中,总共观察到85种具有统计学意义的依赖治疗的代谢物变化(注释了310种中的156种)。偏最小二乘回归模型显示,粘液代谢组与先前报道的这些鱼类的肝脏信使核糖核酸(mRNA)转录本之间存在强烈的协方差。这些回归模型表明,粘液代谢组学的变化部分反映了鱼体内废水中生物异源生物的生物转化过程。与该观察一致,我们在雄鱼的皮肤粘液中检测到双酚A的II期转化产物。总的来说,这些发现证明了粘液作为微创基质的用途,用于同时评估与环境相关的污染物混合物的暴露和影响。

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