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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>other >Successful selection of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) on their ability to grow with a diet completely devoid of fishmeal and fish oil and correlated changes in nutritional traits
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Successful selection of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) on their ability to grow with a diet completely devoid of fishmeal and fish oil and correlated changes in nutritional traits

机译：成功选择虹鳟鱼（Oncorhynchus mykiss）使其完全没有鱼粉和鱼油的饮食能够生长并且具有相关的营养性状变化

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In the context of limited marine resources, the exponential growth of aquaculture requires the substitution of fish oil and fishmeal, the traditional components of fish feeds by terrestrial plant ingredients. High levels of such substitution are known to negatively impact fish performance such as growth and survival in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) as in other salmonids. In this respect, genetic selection is a key enabler for improving those performances and hence for the further sustainable development of aquaculture. We selected a rainbow trout line over three generations for its ability to survive and grow on a 100% plant-based diet devoid of both fish oil and fishmeal (V diet) from the very first meal. In the present study, we compared the control line and the selected line after 3 generations of selection, both fed either the V diet or a marine resources-based diet (M diet). The objective of the study was to assess the efficiency of selection and the consequences on various correlated nutritional traits: feed intake, feed efficiency, digestibility, composition of whole fish, nutrient retention and fatty acid (FA) profile. We demonstrated that the genetic variability present in our rainbow trout population can be selected to improve survival and growth. The major result of the study is that after only three generations of selection, selected fish fed the V diet grew at the same rate as the control line fed the M diet, whilst the relative reduction of body weight was 36.8% before the selection. This enhanced performance on the V diet seems to be mostly linked to a higher feed intake for the selected fish.
机译：在海洋资源有限的情况下，水产养殖的指数增长需要用陆生植物成分替代鱼油和鱼粉（鱼饲料的传统成分）。众所周知，高水平的这种替代会对鱼类性能产生负面影响，例如虹鳟（Oncorhynchus mykiss）的生长和生存，就像其他鲑鱼一样。在这方面，遗传选择是改善这些性能的关键推动因素，因此也是水产养殖进一步可持续发展的关键。我们从三代中选择了虹鳟鱼品系，因为它在第一顿饭中就可以在没有鱼油和鱼粉（V饮食）的100％植物性饮食中生存和生长。在本研究中，我们比较了3代选择后的对照品系和所选品系，二者均饲喂V型饮食或以海洋资源为基础的饮食（M型饮食）。这项研究的目的是评估选择效率以及对各种相关营养性状的影响：饲料摄入量，饲料效率，消化率，整条鱼的组成，营养成分和脂肪酸（FA）的分布。我们证明了可以选择虹鳟种群中存在的遗传变异来改善生存和生长。该研究的主要结果是，仅经过三代选择，饲喂V型饲料的所选鱼的生长速度与饲喂M型饲料的对照组的生长速度相同，而选择饲喂前体重的相对降低为36.8％。 V型饲料性能的提高似乎主要与所选鱼类的较高饲料摄入量有关。

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