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Microbial Community and Biochemical Dynamics of Biological Soil Crusts across a Gradient of Surface Coverage in the Central Mojave Desert

机译:莫哈韦沙漠中部地表覆盖度梯度下生物土壤结壳的微生物群落和生化动力学

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摘要

In this study, we expand upon the biogeography of biological soil crusts (BSCs) and provide molecular insights into the microbial community and biochemical dynamics along the vertical BSC column structure, and across a transect of increasing BSC surface coverage in the central Mojave Desert, CA, United States. Next generation sequencing reveals a bacterial community profile that is distinct among BSCs in the southwestern United States. Distribution of major phyla in the BSC topsoils included Cyanobacteria (33 ± 8%), Proteobacteria (26 ± 6%), and Chloroflexi (12 ± 4%), with Phormidium being the numerically dominant genus. Furthermore, BSC subsurfaces contained Proteobacteria (23 ± 5%), Actinobacteria (20 ± 5%), and Chloroflexi (18 ± 3%), with an unidentified genus from Chloroflexi (AKIW781, order) being numerically dominant. Across the transect, changes in distribution at the phylum (p < 0.0439) and genus (p < 0.006) levels, including multiple biochemical and geochemical trends (p < 0.05), positively correlated with increasing BSC surface coverage. This included increases in (a) Chloroflexi abundance, (b) abundance and diversity of Cyanobacteria, (b) OTU-level diversity in the topsoil, (c) OTU-level differentiation between the topsoil and subsurface, (d) intracellular ATP abundances and catalase activities, and (e) enrichments in clay, silt, and varying elements, including S, Mn, Co, As, and Pb, in the BSC topsoils. In sum, these studies suggest that BSCs from regions of differing surface coverage represent early successional stages, which exhibit increasing bacterial diversity, metabolic activities, and capacity to restructure the soil. Further, these trends suggest that BSC successional maturation and colonization across the transect are inhibited by metals/metalloids such as B, Ca, Ti, Mn, Co, Ni, Mo, and Pb.
机译:在这项研究中,我们扩展了生物土壤结皮(BSCs)的生物地理学,并提供了对沿垂直BSC柱结构以及加利福尼亚州莫哈韦沙漠中部BSC表面覆盖率不断增加的横断面的微生物群落和生化动力学的分子认识。 ,美国。下一代测序揭示了在美国西南部的BSC中不同的细菌群落特征。 BSC表层土壤的主要门分布包括蓝细菌(33±8%),变形杆菌(26±6%)和绿屈菌(12±4%),其中Ph是数字优势菌。此外,BSC亚表面包含变形杆菌(23±5%),放线菌(20±5%)和绿屈挠菌(18±3%),而绿屈挠菌属(AKIW781,定单)在数量上占优势。在整个样带中,在门(p <0.0439)和属(p <0.006)水平的分布变化,包括多种生化和地球化学趋势(p <0.05),与BSC表面覆盖率的增加呈正相关。其中包括(a)绿屈挠度的丰度,(b)蓝细菌的丰度和多样性,(b)表土中OTU的水平多样性,(c)表土与地下之间的OTU的水平差异,(d)细胞内ATP的丰度和过氧化氢酶活性,以及​​(e)BSC表土中粘土,粉砂和各种元素(包括S,Mn,Co,As和Pb)的富集。总之,这些研究表明,来自不同表面覆盖区域的BSC代表了早期演替阶段,这些阶段表现出不断增加的细菌多样性,代谢活性和土壤重构能力。此外,这些趋势表明,BSC的连续成熟和定居在整个样条上都受到金属/类金属(如B,Ca,Ti,Mn,Co,Ni,Mo和Pb)的抑制。

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