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Benthic macroinfaunal community structure resource utilisation and trophic relationships in two Canadian Arctic Archipelago polynyas

机译：加拿大两个北极群岛多栖鱼类的底栖大型动物群落结构资源利用和营养关系

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Climate change driven alterations to patterns of Arctic marine primary production, with increasing phytoplankton- and decreasing ice algal production, have the potential to change the resource utilisation and trophic structure of the benthic communities relying on the algae for food. To predict the benthic responses to dietary changes, we studied the macroinfaunal community compositions, and used the faunal δ13C and δ15N signatures to investigate their main food sources and trophic positions in North Water (NOW) and Lancaster Sound (LS) polynyas in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Macroinfaunal density (10 952 ind. m-2) and biomass (3190 mg C m-2) recorded in NOW were higher than previously found in the Arctic at depths >500m, and significantly higher than in LS (8355 ind. m-2 and 2110 mg C m-2). This was attributed to higher particulate organic matter fluxes to seafloor in NOW. Polychaetes were significant taxa at both sites in terms of density and biomass, and in addition crustacean density in NOW and bivalve density in LS were high. Facultative filter and surface deposit feeders were highly prevalent at both sites, suggesting feeding plasticity is a successful strategy for accessing different food sources. The macrofaunal δ13C signatures reflected the signatures of pelagic particulate organic matter at the sites, and an isotope mixing model confirmed phytoplankton as the main food source for most taxa and feeding guilds. The food web length in LS was longer than in NOW (3.2 vs. 2.8 trophic levels). This was attributed to a larger reliance on reworked organic matter by the benthic community in LS, whereas the high export fluxes at the highly productive NOW resulted in higher rates of selective consumption of fresh algal matter. Despite studies suggesting that loss of ice algae from consumer diets in the Arctic might have a negative impact on the benthos, this study suggests that Arctic macrobenthic communities thrive using phytoplankton as their main food source and should thus be able to cope or even benefit from predicted changes to patterns of primary production.
机译：气候变化带动了北极海洋初级生产方式的变化，浮游植物的增加和冰藻产量的减少，都有可能改变依靠藻类作为食物的底栖生物群落的资源利用和营养结构。为了预测底栖动物对饮食变化的反应，我们研究了大型动物群落组成，并使用动物区系的δ 13 C和δ 15 N签名来研究其主要食物来源和营养性。在加拿大北极群岛的北水（NOW）和兰开斯特海峡（LS）polynyas中的位置。 NOW记录的大型动物粪便密度（10 952 ind。m -2 ）和生物量（3190 mg C m -2 ）高于北极在> 500m深度发现的生物量，并且明显高于LS（8355 ind。m -2 和2110 mg C m -2 ）。这归因于NOW中较高的颗粒状有机物通向海底。在密度和生物量方面，多毛类都是重要的分类单元，此外，NOW中的甲壳类密度和LS中的双壳类密度都很高。兼性过滤器和表面沉积物进料器在这两个地方都非常普遍，这表明进料可塑性是获取不同食物来源的成功策略。大型动物的δ 13 C特征反映了该地点上层浮游颗粒有机物的特征，并且同位素混合模型证实了浮游植物是大多数生物群和摄食行会的主要食物来源。 LS的食物网长度比NOW的要长（3.2营养级对2.8营养级）。这是由于LS底栖生物群落对返工有机物的依赖性更大，而高生产力NOW的高出口通量导致对新鲜藻类物质的选择性消费率更高。尽管有研究表明，北极消费者饮食中冰藻的损失可能会对底栖生物造成负面影响，但这项研究表明，北极大型底栖动物群落以浮游植物为主要食物来源而壮成长，因此应该能够应对甚至受益于预测的改变初级生产方式。

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