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The commercial harvest of ice-associated seals in the Sea of Okhotsk 1972-1994

机译：1972-1994年在鄂霍次克海进行的与冰有关的海豹的商业性收获

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摘要

Sealing log books from 75 out of 79 commercial harvest cruises carried out between 1972 and 1994 in the Sea of Okhotsk, Russia, were analyzed to describe spatial and temporal allocation of ice-associated seal harvest effort, species composition of catches, total harvest rates, and related parameters for species including ringed (Pusa hispida), ribbon (Histriophoca fasciata), bearded (Erignathus barbatus) and spotted (Phoca largha) seal. Variations in catch per unit effort were explored in relation to year, sea ice conditions, day of the year, and geographic location. In most years, the harvest was predominantly represented by ringed seals (mean = 0.43, range 0.25–0.67), followed by ribbon (mean = 0.31, range 0.15–0.43), spotted (mean = 0.19, range 0.11–0.35) and bearded seals (mean = 0.07, range 0.03–0.14). The struck-and-lost percentages were as high as 30–35% for ringed, bearded and spotted seals and 15–20% for ribbon seals. Catch per unit effort (number of seals/skiff*day) for ringed, ribbon, and spotted seals had a similar seasonal pattern with a distinct spike in catches for spotted seals in the first week of May, for ribbon seals in the last week of May, and for ringed seals in the second week of June. Catches of bearded seals showed a less pronounced temporal structure with a gradual increase toward the end of the harvest season in the majority of years. Spatial distribution of harvest effort followed closely with seal distribution obtained from aerial surveys. These data could be used as a source of information on seal herd location throughout the breeding and molting seasons and for more complex demographic or life-table models. We did not find any evidence of the decline of catch per unit effort over the study period. Timely introduction of state regulations and efficient harvest management apparently prevented severe depletion of ice-associated seal populations in the Sea of Okhotsk during the periods of their intense exploitation.
机译：对1972年至1994年在俄罗斯鄂霍次克海进行的79次商业性收获巡游中的75次海豹日志进行了分析，以描述与冰有关的海豹收获工作的时空分布，渔获物的种类组成，总收获率，以及有关物种的相关参数，包括环状（Pusa hispida），丝带（Histriophoca fasciata），胡须（Erignathus barbatus）和斑点（Phoca largha）海豹。研究了单位工作量捕捞量与年份，海冰状况，一年中的一天和地理位置有关的变化。在大多数年份中，收成主要由环状海豹代表（平均值= 0.43，范围0.25-0.67），其次是丝带（平均值= 0.31，范围0.15-0.43），点状（平均值= 0.19，范围0.11-0.35）和胡须密封件（平均值= 0.07，范围0.03-0.14）。带环，有胡须和斑点的密封件的打击和丢失百分比高达30–35％，带状密封件的打击和丢失百分比高达15–20％。环形，带状和斑点斑海豹的单位工作量捕捞量（海豹数量/弯曲*天）具有相似的季节性模式，在5月的第一周斑点斑海豹的捕获量明显增加，而在5月的最后一周斑纹海豹的捕获量明显增加。 5月，6月第二周的环形海豹。在大多数年份中，捕捉到的胡须海豹表现出不那么明显的时间结构，并逐渐接近收获季节的结尾。收获工作量的空间分布紧随航空调查获得的海豹分布。这些数据可以用作整个繁殖和蜕皮季节以及更复杂的人口统计学或生命表模型的海豹群位置信息。我们没有发现任何证据表明在研究期间单位工作量捕捞量下降。及时引入国家法规和有效的收获管理显然可以防止鄂霍次克海大量开采期间与冰有关的海豹种群大量枯竭。

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