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Expanding the geography of evapotranspiration: An improved method to quantify land-to-air water fluxes in tropical and subtropical regions

机译:扩大蒸散地理:一种定量的热带和亚热带地区陆空通量的改进方法

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摘要

The development of new reference evapotranspiration (ETo) methods hold significant promise for improving our quantitative understanding of climatic impacts on water loss from the land to the atmosphere. To address the challenge of estimating ETo in tropical and subtropical regions where direct measurements are scarce we tested a new method based on geographical patterns of extraterrestrial radiation (Ra) and atmospheric water potential (Ψair). Our approach consisted of generating daily estimates of ETo across several climate zones in Brazil–as a model system–which we compared with standard EToPM (Penman-Monteith) estimates. In contrast with EToPM, the simplified method (EToMJS) relies solely on Ψair calculated from widely available air temperature (oC) and relative humidity (%) data, which combined with Ra data resulted in reliable estimates of equivalent evaporation (Ee) and ETo. We used regression analyses of Ψair vs EToPM and Ee vs EToPM to calibrate the EToMJS(Ψair) and EToMJS estimates from 2004 to 2014 and between seasons and climatic zone. Finally, we evaluated the performance of the new method based on the coefficient of determination (R2) and correlation (R), index of agreement “d”, mean absolute error (MAE) and mean reason (MR). This evaluation confirmed the suitability of the EToMJS method for application in tropical and subtropical regions, where the climatic information needed for the standard EToPM calculation is absent.
机译:新的参考蒸散量(ETo)的开发方法对改善我们对从陆地到大气的水分流失的气候影响的定量理解具有重大的希望。为了解决在缺乏直接测量的热带和亚热带地区估算ETo的挑战,我们基于地外辐射(Ra)和大气水势(waterair)的地理模式测试了一种新方法。我们的方法包括生成巴西多个气候区的ETo的每日估计值(作为模型系统),并将其与标准EToPM(Penman-Monteith)估计值进行比较。与EToPM相比,简化方法(EToMJS)仅依靠根据广泛可获得的气温( o C)和相对湿度(%)数据计算出的空气,再结合Ra数据得出可靠的估计值。等效蒸发量(E e )和 ETo 。我们对Ψ air vs ETo PM E e vs ETo PM 来校准 ETo MJS Ψair )和 ETo MJS 的估算值(从2004年到2014年以及季节和气候带之间)。最后,我们基于确定系数( R 2 )和相关性( R ),一致性指标“ d ”,平均绝对误差( MAE )和平均原因(MR )。该评估证实了 ETo MJS 方法适用于热带和亚热带地区,那里的气候信息是标准 ETo PM 的计算不存在。

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