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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>other >Winter Night-Warming Improves Post-anthesis Physiological Activities and Sink Strength in Relation to Grain Filling in Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
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Winter Night-Warming Improves Post-anthesis Physiological Activities and Sink Strength in Relation to Grain Filling in Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

机译：冬夜暖冬提高了与冬小麦籽粒灌浆相关的花后生理活动和下沉强度。

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The diurnal and seasonal temperature rising patterns “asymmetric warming,” plays an important role in crop distribution and productivity. Asymmetric warming during the early growth periods of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) profoundly affects vegetative growth and post-anthesis grain productivity, but the underlying physiological mechanism is still unclear. We conducted field experiments from 2012 to 2014 using two wheat cultivars, namely, Yangmai-13 (vernal type) and Yannong-19 (semi-winter type), to investigate the influences of night-warming during the winter (warming by 1.56–1.67°C from tillering to jointing) or during the spring (warming by 1.78–1.92°C from jointing to booting) on post-anthesis physiological activities and grain-filling processes. Both night-warming treatments enhanced the source activity by increasing flag leaf area, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic capability in both cultivars compared with those of the control. The night-warming treatments caused an increase in the antioxidant activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase, and catalase (CAT) in the flag leaves of both cultivars, while ROS contents such as superoxide anion radical (O2•−) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) decreased. Moreover, the expression levels of Rubisco activase B (RcaB), major chlorophyll a/b-binding protein (Cab), chloroplast Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD), mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), and CAT genes were upregulated at anthesis and were associated with higher photosynthetic capacity and antioxidant activities. Furthermore, night-warming improved sink activities by increasing the concentrations of grain indole-3-acetic acid and cytokinins as well as the sucrose synthase activity for both cultivars. Winter night-warming showed greater potential for improving source strength and grain filling, with consistent performance in both cultivars compared with that of spring night-warming. We concluded form these results that night-warming can improve source and sink capacities in winter wheat, and winter night-warming has greater advantages in this respect than does spring warming.
机译：昼夜和季节性温度升高模式“不对称变暖”在作物分布和生产力中起着重要作用。冬小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）早期生长过程中的不对称变暖对营养生长和花后籽粒生产力产生深远影响，但其潜在的生理机制仍不清楚。我们在2012年至2014年间使用两个小麦品种Yangmai-13（春型）和Yannong-19（半冬型）进行了田间试验，以研究冬季夜间变暖的影响（变暖1.56-1.67）。花后的生理活动和籽粒灌浆过程中，从分till到拔节之间的温度升高（春季，从拔节到靴子之间的温度升高1.78–1.92°C）。与对照相比，两种夜间增温处理均通过增加两个品种的旗叶面积，叶绿素含量和光合能力来增强源活性。夜间加温处理导致两个品种旗叶中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD），过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶（CAT）的抗氧化活性增加，而ROS含量如超氧阴离子自由基（ O < / mrow> 2 • - ）和过氧化氢（H2O2）减少。此外，Rubisco激活酶B（RcaB），主要叶绿素a / b结合蛋白（Cab），叶绿体Cu / Zn超氧化物歧化酶（Cu / Zn-SOD），线粒体锰超氧化物歧化酶（Mn-SOD）的表达水平和CAT基因在花期被上调，并与更高的光合能力和抗氧化活性有关。此外，通过增加谷物吲哚-3-乙酸和细胞分裂素的浓度以及两个品种的蔗糖合酶活性，暖夜改善了库活动。与春季夜温相比，冬季夜温显示出更大的潜力来改善源强度和籽粒充实，在两个品种中具有一致的表现。从这些结果可以得出结论，夜间暖化可以改善冬小麦的源库能力，而冬季采暖在这方面比春季暖化具有更大的优势。

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