Terrestrial laser scanning is a powerful technology for capturing the three-dimensional structure of forests with a high level of detail and accuracy. Over the last decade, many algorithms have been developed to extract various tree parameters from terrestrial laser scanning data. Here we present 3D Forest, an open-source non-platform-specific software application with an easy-to-use graphical user interface with the compilation of algorithms focused on the forest environment and extraction of tree parameters. The current version (0.42) extracts important parameters of forest structure from the terrestrial laser scanning data, such as stem positions (X, Y, Z), tree heights, diameters at breast height (DBH), as well as more advanced parameters such as tree planar projections, stem profiles or detailed crown parameters including convex and concave crown surface and volume. Moreover, 3D Forest provides quantitative measures of between-crown interactions and their real arrangement in 3D space. 3D Forest also includes an original algorithm of automatic tree segmentation and crown segmentation. Comparison with field data measurements showed no significant difference in measuring DBH or tree height using 3D Forest, although for DBH only the Randomized Hough Transform algorithm proved to be sufficiently resistant to noise and provided results comparable to traditional field measurements.
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机译：陆地激光扫描是一项功能强大的技术，可以高度详细和准确地捕获森林的三维结构。在过去的十年中，已经开发了许多算法来从地面激光扫描数据中提取各种树木参数。在这里，我们介绍3D Forest，这是一个开放源代码，非特定于平台的软件应用程序，具有易于使用的图形用户界面，其中包含着眼于森林环境和提取树参数的算法的汇编。当前版本（0.42）从陆地激光扫描数据中提取森林结构的重要参数，例如茎位置（X，Y，Z），树高，胸高直径（DBH）以及更高级的参数，例如树木的平面投影，茎轮廓或详细的树冠参数，包括凸树和凹树冠的表面和体积。此外，3D森林提供了3D空间中冠间交互作用及其真实排列的定量度量。 3D Forest还包括自动树分割和树冠分割的原始算法。与现场数据测量结果的比较表明，使用3D Forest测量DBH或树的高度没有显着差异，尽管对于DBH，仅随机霍夫变换算法被证明具有足够的抗噪声能力，并且提供的结果可与传统的现场测量结果相提并论。
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