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The role of climate and environmental variables in structuring bird assemblages in the Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests (SDTFs)

机译：气候和环境变量在季节性干燥热带森林（SDTF）中构建鸟类组合的作用

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Understanding the processes that influence species diversity is still a challenge in ecological studies. However, there are two main theories to discuss this topic, the niche theory and the neutral theory. Our objective was to understand the importance of environmental and spatial processes in structuring bird communities within the hydrological seasons in dry forest areas in northeastern Brazil. The study was conducted in two National Parks, the Serra da Capivara and Serra das Confusões National Parks, where 36 areas were sampled in different seasons (dry, dry/rainy transition, rainy, rainy/dry transition), in 2012 and 2013. We found with our results that bird species richness is higher in the rainy season and lower during the dry season, indicating a strong influence of seasonality, a pattern also found for environmental heterogeneity. Richness was explained by local environmental factors, while species composition was explained by environmental and spatial factors. The environmental factors were more important in explaining variations in composition. Climate change predictions have currently pointed out frequent drought events and a rise in global temperature by 2050, which would lead to changes in species behavior and to increasing desertification in some regions, including the Caatinga. In addition, the high deforestation rates and the low level of representativeness of the Caatinga in the conservation units negatively affects bird communities. This scenario has demonstrated how climatic factors affect individuals, and, therefore, should be the starting point for conservation initiatives to be developed in xeric environments.
机译：在生态研究中，了解影响物种多样性的过程仍然是一个挑战。但是，有两个主要的理论来讨论该主题，利基理论和中立理论。我们的目标是了解环境和空间过程在构造巴西东北干燥森林地区水文季节内的鸟类群落中的重要性。这项研究在塞拉达卡皮瓦拉（Serra da Capivara）和塞拉达斯孔苏斯国家公园（Serra dasConfusõesNational Parks）两个国家公园中进行，分别在2012年和2013年对36个地区进行了不同季节的采样（干旱，干旱/雨水过渡，阴雨，阴雨/干旱过渡）。根据我们的结果发现，鸟类种类的丰富度在雨季较高，而在旱季则较低，这表明季节性的强烈影响，这也是环境异质性的一种模式。丰富性由当地环境因素解释，而物种组成由环境和空间因素解释。在解释成分变化时，环境因素更为重要。目前，气候变化预测指出干旱事件频发，到2050年全球温度将升高，这将导致物种行为发生变化，并在包括卡廷加（Caatinga）在内的某些地区加剧沙漠化。此外，森林保护区的森林砍伐率高和代表性低，对鸟类群落也有不利影响。这种情况表明了气候因素如何影响个人，因此，应该成为在干旱环境中制定保护措施的起点。

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