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Looking through the Glass Ceiling: A Qualitative Study of STEM Women’s Career Narratives

机译：透过玻璃天花板看：STEM女性职业叙事的定性研究

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Although efforts have been directed toward the advancement of women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) positions, little research has directly examined women’s perspectives and bottom-up strategies for advancing in male-stereotyped disciplines. The present study utilized Photovoice, a Participatory Action Research method, to identify themes that underlie women’s experiences in traditionally male-dominated fields. Photovoice enables participants to convey unique aspects of their experiences via photographs and their in-depth knowledge of a community through personal narrative. Forty-six STEM women graduate students and postdoctoral fellows completed a Photovoice activity in small groups. They presented photographs that described their experiences pursuing leadership positions in STEM fields. Three types of narratives were discovered and classified: career strategies, barriers to achievement, and buffering strategies or methods for managing barriers. Participants described three common types of career strategies and motivational factors, including professional development, collaboration, and social impact. Moreover, the lack of rewards for these workplace activities was seen as limiting professional effectiveness. In terms of barriers to achievement, women indicated they were not recognized as authority figures and often worked to build legitimacy by fostering positive relationships. Women were vigilant to other people’s perspectives, which was costly in terms of time and energy. To manage role expectations, including those related to gender, participants engaged in numerous role transitions throughout their day to accommodate workplace demands. To buffer barriers to achievement, participants found resiliency in feelings of accomplishment and recognition. Social support, particularly from mentors, helped participants cope with negative experiences and to envision their future within the field. Work-life balance also helped participants find meaning in their work and have a sense of control over their lives. Overall, common workplace challenges included a lack of social capital and limited degrees of freedom. Implications for organizational policy and future research are discussed.
机译：尽管人们一直致力于提高妇女在科学，技术，工程和数学（STEM）方面的地位，但很少有研究直接检查妇女的观点和自下而上的策略，以促进男性定型学科的发展。本研究利用参与行动研究方法Photovoice来确定女性在传统上以男性为主的领域中经历的主题。 Photovoice使参与者可以通过照片传达个人经历的独特方面，并通过个人叙事传达对社区的深入了解。 46位STEM女研究生和博士后研究员以小组形式完成了Photovoice活动。他们提供的照片描述了他们在STEM领域追求领导地位的经历。发现并分类了三种类型的叙述：职业策略，成就障碍以及缓冲策略或管理障碍的方法。参与者描述了三种常见的职业策略和动机因素，包括职业发展，协作和社会影响力。此外，这些工作场所活动缺乏奖励被认为限制了职业效力。在成就障碍方面，妇女表示她们没有被公认为权威人物，并经常通过建立积极的关系来努力建立合法性。女人对别人的观点保持警惕，这在时间和精力上都是昂贵的。为了管理对角色的期望，包括与性别有关的期望，参与者在一整天都进行了许多角色转换，以适应工作场所的需求。为了缓解成就障碍，参与者发现了对成就感和认可感的适应能力。社会支持，特别是导师的支持，帮助参与者应对了负面的经历，并展望了他们在该领域的未来。工作与生活之间的平衡也有助于参与者在工作中找到意义，并能控制自己的生活。总体而言，工作场所常见的挑战包括缺乏社会资本和有限的自由度。讨论了对组织政策和未来研究的影响。

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