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Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Systems for Peritoneal Cancers: A Case Study of the Design Characterization and Development of the Expansile Nanoparticle

机译:用于腹膜癌的纳米颗粒药物输送系统:以膨胀纳米颗粒的设计表征和开发为例

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摘要

Nanoparticle (NP) based drug delivery systems are frequently employed to improve the intravenous administration of chemotherapy; however, few reports explore their application as an intraperitoneal therapy. We developed a pH-responsive expansile nanoparticle (eNP) specifically designed to leverage the intraperitoneal route of administration to treat intraperitoneal malignancies, such as mesothelioma, ovarian and pancreatic carcinomatoses. This review describes the design, evaluation and evolution of the eNP technology and, specifically, a Materials-Based Targeting paradigm that is unique among the many active and passive targeting strategies currently employed among NP delivery systems. pH-responsive eNP swelling is responsible for the extended residence at the target tumor site as well as the subsequent improvement in tumoral drug delivery and efficacy observed with paclitaxel-loaded eNPs (PTX-eNPs) compared to the standard clinical formulation of paclitaxel, Taxol®. Superior PTX-eNP efficacy is demonstrated in two different orthotopic models of peritoneal cancer—mesothelioma and ovarian cancer; in a third model—of pancreatic cancer—PTX-eNPs demonstrated comparable efficacy to Taxol with reduced toxicity. Furthermore, the unique structural and responsive characteristics of eNPs enable them to be used in three additional treatment paradigms, including: treatment of lymphatic metastases in breast cancer; use as a highly-fluorescent probe to visually-guide the resection of peritoneal implants; and, in a two-step delivery paradigm for concentrating separately administered NP and drug at a target site. This case study serves as an important example of using the targeted disease-state’s pathophysiology to inform the NP design as well as the method of use of the delivery system.
机译:基于纳米颗粒(NP)的药物输送系统经常用于改善化学疗法的静脉给药。然而,很少有报道探讨其作为腹膜内疗法的应用。我们开发了一种pH响应型可膨胀纳米颗粒(eNP),该纳米颗粒专门设计用于利用腹膜内给药途径来治疗腹膜内恶性肿瘤,例如间皮瘤,卵巢癌和胰腺癌。这篇综述描述了eNP技术的设计,评估和发展,特别是基于材料的目标范式,该范式在NP传递系统中当前采用的许多主动和被动目标策略中都是独一无二的。与紫杉醇的标准临床制剂相比,pH响应性eNP肿胀导致在靶肿瘤部位的滞留时间延长,以及随后的肿瘤药物传递和功效的改善,而紫杉醇载药的eNPs(PTX-eNPs)与紫杉醇的标准临床制剂相比。在两种不同的腹膜癌原位模型(间皮瘤和卵巢癌)中证实了优异的PTX-eNP功效。在胰腺癌的第三个模型中,PTX-eNPs的功效与紫杉醇相当,且毒性降低。此外,eNPs独特的结构和响应特性使它们可以用于另外三种治疗模式,包括:乳腺癌淋巴转移的治疗;用作高荧光探针,以视觉引导腹膜植入物的切除;并且,在两步递送范例中,将分别施用的NP和药物集中在目标部位。该案例研究是使用目标疾病状态的病理生理学为NP设计以及输送系统的使用方法提供信息的重要示例。

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